Objective To explore how visual sensitivity is affected by hypoxic environments in order to provide health tips for those who enter and work in high-altitude regions. Methods Twenty volunteers were selected and divided into a group ages 30 and younger and a second group above 30. A hypoxic environment at an altitude of 5 000 m was simulated by inhaling 10.5% low oxygen gas mixture. Contrast sensitivity（CS）values in the high, medium, and low frequency regions were measured and compared between left and right eyes before and after hypoxia respectively. Results The CS value of left eyes at 0.5 cpd before and after hypoxia in the group above 30 was lower than in the younger group, and the difference was statistically significant（t/Z=2.138, －2.739, P=0.047, 0.040）. This value was also lower in right eyes before hypoxia in the group above30, and the difference was of statistical significance（t=2.022, P=0.048）. The CS values of left and right eyes of 20 volunteers at the frequencies of 22.8, 11.4 and 0.5 cpd, decreased after hypoxia, and the difference was statistically significant（Z/t=－2.657-6.016, all P<0.05）. However, there was no significant difference in CS values at the frequencies of 6.0, 3.0 and 1.0 cpd before and after hypoxia（all P>0.05）. Conclusion Hypoxic environments can have a negative effect on visual function in that the ability to distinguish target contours, layers and details is compromised. Those above 30 years of age should be alert to the combined effects of hypoxic environments and declining physiological visual function. Those who engage in search, rescue and driving tasks in high-altitude areas should be equipped with oxygen supply devices to ensure good performance at work.

Objective To investigate the stability of individual tolerance across rotation speeds, and to establish a predictive model to support personalized vestibular training. Methods In March 2024, 27 healthy graduate interns from our center were enrolled. Using a VTS-0 electric rotatory chair, participants were tested at three speeds（120°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s）, and tolerance time at each speed was recorded before being compared across speeds and between genders using generalized estimating equations. Pairwise correlations between speeds were studied with Spearman correlation analysis. Linear regression was performed with tolerance time at 180°/s as the predictor and tolerance time at 240°/s as the outcome. Results There was statistically significant difference in tolerance time between the three rotational speeds（Friedman χ²=22.741, P<0.001）, with tolerance time decreasing with the increase in speed. Post hoc comparisons showed that tolerance time at 120°/s was significantly longer than at 180°/s（P=0.029）and 240°/s（P<0.001）. Generalized estimating equations revealed a significant main effect of speed（Wald χ²=27.639, P<0.001）, but not of gender（Wald χ²=0.326, P=0.568）or speed-by-sex interactions（Wald χ²=0.688, P=0.709）. Tolerance times at 180°/s and 240°/s were positively correlated（r_s=0.559, P=0.002）. Linear regression indicated that tolerance time at 180°/s could well predict tolerance time at 240°/s（F=15.480, P<0.001, R²=0.382）, yielding the equation: Tolerance Time₂₄₀=51.40+0.44×Tolerance Time₁₈₀. Conclusion Rotational speed is negatively correlated with tolerance time. Within the medium-to-high speed range, individual tolerance time appears to be a stable trait, as evidenced by the consistent inter-individual differences. The predictive model developed here can inform the design of personalized training protocols within this intensity range.

Objective To explore the role of virtual reality（VR）psychological interventions in regulating the emotional states of military flight cadets, and to provide electrophysiological data for developing more targeted psychological intervention programs. Methods In July 2025, a total of 49 male flight cadets were randomly assigned to either a VR intervention group（n=24）or a control group（n=25）. Participants in the VR intervention group completed a 15-minute nature exploration session with mindful breathing while those in the control group received routine mindful breathing training. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted that involved analyzing the differences in positive and negative affect schedules and in behavioral and electrophysiological indicators of flight cadets before and after intervention using a three-factor repeated measurement design. Results After interventions, positive emotions increased in the VR group（P<0.001）while negative emotions decreased in VR and control groups（P=0.003, 0.022）. The accuracy of positive faces was increased after interventions（P=0.014）while that of negative and neutral faces decreased（P=0.023, 0.031）. The reaction time of all emotional faces was shortened after interventions（all P<0.001）. The amplitude of N170 evoked by positive, negative, and neutral faces in the VR group significantly increased after interventions（P=0.001, 0.031, 0.001）. The N170 amplitude for negative faces alone was negatively enhanced in the control group（P=0.018）, while the EPN amplitude was significantly increased in the VR group（P<0.001）. Conclusion Compared with conventional mindful breathing training, VR interventions can improve the emotional state of flight cadets by suppressing the negative while boosting the positive. This study is expected to provide empirical evidence for the application of VR technology in military psychological training.

Objective To identify the key indicators of cardiopulmonary function of female pilots based on an incremental load exercise test scheme in order to find out more about the change of this function. Methods Between May and July 2025, 46 female pilots were selected from across the country as subjects for cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Core indicators of pulmonary and cardiopulmonary function of these female pilots were detected while alterations in cardiopulmonary function were analyzed. Results The age of female pilots was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity, heart rate reserve, peak oxygen pulse, maximum oxygen uptake, and peak oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight（r=－0.612-－0.239, all P<0.05）, but BMI was positively correlated with peak VO₂/HR and peak VO₂/kg（r=0.451, 0.513, P=0.002, <0.001）. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that age was a determinant of peak oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight（B=－0.538, 95%CI:－0.749-－0.327）, peak oxygen pulse（B=－0.132, 95%CI: －0.204-－0.080）, maximum oxygen uptake（B=－27.395, 95%CI: －40.602-－14.188）, and heart rate reserve（B=－0.676, 95%CI: －1.058-－0.293）while BMI（B=0.553, 95%CI: 0.299-0.806）was a factor influencing peak oxygen pulse. Conclusion The cardiopulmonary function of female pilots declines with age. A moderate increase of BMI in the normal low range may improve the oxygen delivery efficiency, and cardiopulmonary function varies, depending on such factors as the flight environment and training intensity, which requires the development of targeted cardiopulmonary training programs to keep combat training effective and flight safe.

Objective To analyze the correlations between classifications of thyroid nodules based on the Chinese-thyroid imaging reporting and data system（C-TIRADS）and metabolic syndrome（MS）and its related components in military aircrew members. Methods A total of 3 881 male aircrews who underwent health examinations at our healthcare center between January 2020 and July 2024 were selected as the subjects. A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of age and MS status on C-TIRADS classifications of thyroid nodules. An ordered logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the C-TIRADS classifications and MS-related components. Results The overall detection rate of thyroid nodules was 38.0%（1 476/3 881）. Age and C-TIRADS classifications were positively correlated, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of r_s=0.383, P<0.001. The presence of MS did not impact C-TIRADS classifications（all P>0.05）in these age groups. The results of single factor ordered multiple classification logistic regression analysis showed that waist circumference（OR=1.044, 95%CI: 1.030-1.058）, SBP（OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.002-1.023）, DBP（OR=1.038, 95%CI: 1.023-1.050）, FPG（OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.092-1.474）, TG（OR=1.147, 95%CI: 1.037-1.238）, TC（OR=1.310, 95%CI: 1.159-1.382）and LDL-C（OR=1.418, 95%CI: 1.210-1.488）were influencing factors for the C-TIRADS classification of thyroid nodules. The results of multiple factor ordered multiple classification logistic regression analysis showed that waist circumference（OR=1.031, 95%CI: 1.014-1.049）and diastolic blood pressure（OR=1.029, 95%CI: 1.012-1.047）were risk factors for the C-TIRADS classification of thyroid nodules. Conclusion More attention should be paid to thyroid nodule screening in aircrews ages 30 and older, along with monitoring of metabolic indicators in individuals with nodules. Active interventions and treatment may not only reduce cardiovascular risks, but also potentially lower the incidence of C-TIRADS category 3 and category 4 or higher thyroid nodules.

Objective To evaluate the dietary quality of aircrews with hyperuricemia （HUA）in order to provide data for dietary adjustment and nutrition education among aircrews with HUA. Methods Four hundred and forty male aircrews who completed the annual physical examination in 2023 were selected as subjects, including 108 in the HUA group and 332 in the control group. A four-day diet survey（including 1 flight day but excluding holidays）was conducted using weighing methods to evaluate the dietary quality. Results Aircrews with HUA are mainly concentrated between the ages of 35-44，accounting for 41.7%（45/108）. There were cases of lowly and moderately excessive intake（60.2%, 65/108）, lowly and moderately inadequate intake（21.2%, 23/108）, and lowly and moderately dietary imbalance（54.6%, 59/108）in aircrews with HUA. The HBS, LBS and DQD of the aircrews in the HUA group were significantly higher than those in the control group（Z=－3.526-－2.249, all P<0.05）, suggesting more pronounced dietary imbalance. Undesirable dietary structures were observed in both groups, characterized by excessive intake of cereals, livestock and poultry meat and eggs, and insufficient intake of fruits and milk. There were statistically significant differences in the intake scores of vegetables, livestock and poultry meat between the HUA group（Z=－2.153, －2.623, P=0.031, 0.009）and the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that livestock and poultry meat were risk factors for HUA（OR=1.149, 95%CI: 1.014-1.303）while vegetables were a protective factor for HUA（OR=0.706, 95%CI: 0.599-0.832）. Conclusion The dietary structure of aircrews with HUA is not rational enough. It is recommended that the intake of livestock and poultry meat be reduced, and that the intake of vegetables be increased accordingly in order to lower the leve.

Objective To analyze the effects of dietary flavonoids on human intestinal microecology and related metabolism in aircrews, and to explore new ways to provide accurate nutrition and prevent chronic metabolic diseases for aircrews. Methods Twenty healthy aircrews were selected as the subjects of research on intestinal flora. Higher intake of 3 flavonoids（tomatoes,celery and onions）was recommended in their daily diet. Using the in vitro fermentation simulation model of human intestinal microorganisms, the intestinal bacteria isolated from the feces of these healthy aircrews were injected into the fermentation flask with the medium supplemented with the same carbon source（starch）and three different flavonoid monomer substances as the basic medium. A total of four groups were set up, namely the tomato group, celery group, onion group and control group（starch group）. Intestinal bacteria isolated from the feces of healthy aircrews were respectively injected into the fermentation bottles of the four groups. The effects of three flavonoids on the structure, metabolism and activity of intestinal flora in these healthy aircrews were evaluated using 16 sRNA gene detection technology. Results After fermentation, the difference in starch degradation rates between the four groups was statistically significant（Friedman χ²=26.638, P<0.001）. This rate was significantly higher in the tomato group than in the starch group（P=0.013）, but was significantly lower in the onion group than in tomato and celery groups（P=0.001, <0.001）. After fermentation, the contents of acetic acid and total acid were significantly different between the four groups（Friedman χ²=114.665, 106.133, both P<0.001）. Compared with the starch group, the production of acetic acid and total acid significantly increased in tomato, celery, and onion groups（all P<0.001）.The difference in total gas production between the four groups after fermentation was also of statistical significance（Friedman χ²=16.560, P<0.001）. Compared with the starch group, gas production was significantly higher in tomato, celery, and onion groups（P=0.030, 0.010, 0.010）. The microbial community structures were relatively similar across the four groups. In terms of species composition, significant differences were observed in the abundance of Bacteroides, Megamonas, and Roseburia between the four groups（Friedman χ²=16.980, 15.423, 11.800, P<0.001, =0.001, 0.008）. Bacteroides was more abundant in the onion group than in tomato and celery groups（P=0.029, 0.001）. Megamonas was more abundant than in the onion group（P=0.013）, and Roseburia than in the tomato group（P=0.013）. Conclusion In this study, dietary flavonoids have a relatively minor effect on the structure of human gut microbiota, but they can enhance the metabolic activity of the microbiota and produce more acetic acid. This study is expected to provide evidence for accurate dietary protection and chronic disease prevention among aircrews.

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of and contributors to common dermatological diseases among grassroots soldiers in special military environments under the current military training conditions. Methods In the past four years, epidemiological surveys were conducted among soldiers stationed in diverse environments: Yunnan（a southwestern tropical region）, Inner Mongolia（a northwestern grassland and sandy land region）, Zhejiang and Jiangsu（southeastern coastal regions）, Hebei and Shanxi（central regions）, Shanghai（an island region）, Hubei（a flood-prone region）, and Fujian（a typhoon-prone region）. All participants underwent physical examinations for dermatological diagnoses before disease-related factors were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 2 104 soldiers surveyed, 891（42.3%）were diagnosed with dermatological diseases, including 484 cases（23.0%）of co-occurring conditions. It was found that sun-induced dermatoses were dominating, with solar dermatitis and actinic cheilitis accounting for 30.2%（175/580）in southwestern tropical regions. Allergic dermatoses（urticaria, eczema/dermatitis, insect bite reactions）were most prevalent（24.0%, 64/267）, with over 40% of the allergies attributed to Artemisia pollen in northwestern regions（n=393）. The incidence rate of superficial fungal infections（tinea pedis, corporis,unguium, and pityriasis versicolor）reached 41.0%（161/393）, notably tinea pedis and unguium（22%）in southeastern coastal regions（n=385）. Allergic dermatoses（22.9%, 88/385）were prevalent in Central China. Fungal infections accounted for 30.1%（144/479）, primarily tinea pedis（23%, 110/479）in sea island and disaster-prone regions, with Trichophyton rubrum identified as the leading pathogen（68.5%）. Conclusion High dermatological morbidity among soldiers in special environments requires targeted prevention strategies. Region-specific interventions should prioritize prevalent conditions（e.g., fungal prophylaxis in coastal/island areas, allergy management in northwestern grasslands）.

Objective To investigate factors influencing sleep quality among service members of Air Force, and to study the relationships between sleep quality, sleep beliefs and attitudes, and anxiety. Methods A total of 1,506 service members were randomly selected and examined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）, the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale（DBAS-16）, and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）. The prevalence of sleep disturbance, associated factors, and inter-variable relationships were analyzed. Results The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 25.0%（377/1 506）.There were statistically significant differences between the sleep disorder group and the non-sleep disorder group in gender, incomes, jobs, total PSQI scores, total DBAS-16 scores, and SAS standard scores（χ²/t/Z=0.000-143 519.500, all P<0.001）. Multivariate logistic regression identified being female（OR=1.992, 95%CI: 1.104-3.594）, lower incomes [2 000-<5 000（OR=3.016, 95%CI: 1.303-6.981）], higher DBAS-16 total scores（OR=1.037, 95%CI: 1.029-1.045）, and higher SAS scores（OR=1.048, 95%CI: 1.032-1.065）as significant predictors of poor sleep quality. The PSQI total score was positively correlated with the DBAS-16 total score（r_s=0.403, P<0.001）, with the strongest association observed between the PSQI "daytime dysfunction" subscale and the DBAS-16 "worry" subscale（r_s=0.416, P<0.001）. DBAS-16 and SAS scores were also positively correlated（r_s=0.341, P<0.001）. Anxiety partially mediated the relationship between sleep quality and dysfunctional sleep beliefs, accounting for 21.5% of the total effect（95%CI: 15.8%-28.4%）. Conclusion Some of Air Force personnel suffer from sleep disorders, particularly among females, those with lower incomes, insomnia biases and anxiety. Sleep quality has both direct and indirect effects on dysfunctional sleep beliefs through anxiety as a mediator.

Objective To explore the factors influencing flight boldness through interviews. Methods Through semi-structured interviews, 19 experienced pilots were investigated to find out about their understanding of flight boldness and influencing factors. The whole interview was recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was conducted with NVivo 14 software. Via keyword coding and topic extraction, the non-technical factors of flight boldness were finally summarized. Results Flight boldness was a multi-dimensional concept. The non-technical factors that affected flight boldness included seven structural dimensions, namely personality traits, psychological resilience, cognitive ability, professional motivation, social and environmental factors, experience, and interpersonal communication. Conclusion Flight boldness is not simply a tendency to be brave or adventurous, but an integrated construct formed by interactions between individual internal psychological resources and external environmental factors. Flight boldness has to be assessed using multi-dimensional measurement tools rather than relying on a single indicator. At the practical level, flight boldness should be enhanced by two means: individual psychological training and optimization of the support environment of the team.

Objective To investigate the relationships between dietary patterns and hemoglobin abnormality in patients with esophageal cancer（EC）, and to provide data for improving the quality of life of such patients. Methods A total of 138 patients with EC who were admitted to the Department of from Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University between March 2022 and December 2023 were selected as the subjects. Information of the patients was collected using a self-designed questionnaire and the 25-item Food Frequency Questionnaire（FFQ25）. The dietary patterns of these patients were established via exploratory factor analysis, and the common factors were identified using the principal component analysis method. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the dietary patterns and abnormal Hb. Results A total of 6 common factors about diet were collected. Each of the dietary patterns was named after the foods involved, such as the "sweet drink-seafood pattern", "vegetable-whole grain pattern", "staple food pattern", "processed meat-mushroom pattern", "milk and egg pattern", and "rice-wine pattern". The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the vegetable-whole grain food pattern in group T₂（OR=0.052, 95%CI: 0.007-0.366）and group T₃（OR=0.006, 95%CI: 0.001-0.279）was a protective factor against abnormal Hb while the sweet beverage-seafood pattern in group T₃ was a risk factor for abnormal Hb（OR=16.752, 95%CI: 1.107-253.442）. Conclusion To reduce the risk of Hb abnormalities, it is recommended that EC patients increase the consumption of dark and light vegetables, grains, soy products, freshwater fish, mushrooms and fruits while reducing the consumption of sweet drinks and seafood.

Objective To explore the relationships between the severity of bipolar disorder（BD）among patients and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）, free thyroxine（FT₄）, and homocysteine（Hcy）in order to contribute to related treatment. Methods In this study, 100 BD patients admitted to Xiamen Special Service Sanatorium of PLA were selected from 2022 to 2023. All the patients were evaluated for disease severity using the Young Mania Rating Scale（YMRS）and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale（HAMD）before being divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on results of evaluation. A baseline data questionnaire was designed to collect and compare the baseline data and serum indicators（HDL-C, FT₄, and Hcy levels）across the three groups. The relationships between BD severity and these serum markers were studied. Results Among the 100 patients, 20 cases（20.00%, 20/100）were classified as mild, 38 cases（38.00%, 38/100）as moderate, and 42 cases（42.00%, 42/100）as severe. Serum FT₄ and Hcy levels were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups, but serum HDL-C levels were significantly lower（P<0.001 or =0.001）. Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis showed that the disease severity of BD patients was positively correlated with serum FT₄ and Hcy levels（τ_b=0.534, 0.541, all P<0.001）, but negatively with serum HDL-C（τ_b=－0.418, P<0.001）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that elevated serum HDL-C levels（OR=0.875, 95%CI: 0.778-0.984）were a protective factor against moderate BD while elevated serum FT₄（OR=1.164, 95%CI: 1.001-1.352）and Hcy levels（OR=1.568, 95%CI: 1.127-2.183）were risk factors for moderate BD. In addition, elevated serum HDL-C levels（OR=0.805, 95%CI: 0.703-0.923）served as a protective factor against severe BD, whereas elevated serum FT₄（OR=1.399, 95%CI: 1.158-1.691）and Hcy levels（OR=2.203, 95%CI: 1.495-3.245）were identified as risk factors for severe BD. Conclusion The serum levels of HDL-C, FT₄, and Hcy in BD patients may be associated with disease severity. Serum HDL-C levels decrease with the increase in serum FT₄ and Hcy levels, leaving the condition of patients with BD deteriorating. Accordingly, targeted interventions are critical to favorable prognoses in these patients.

Objective To identify the changes in lifestyles of grassroots rescuers before and after public health emergencies, analyze the contributors to changes in working hours, and provide data for health management of grassroots rescuers. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to survey 7 971 rescuers between March 20 and May 5, 2020 regarding their lifestyles before and after public health emergencies. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of changes in their working hours. Results There were statistically significant differences in frequency of exercise and incidences of suddenly waking from sleep among these rescuers before and after public health emergencies（Z=－22.603, －14.434, both P<0.001）. After public health emergencies, rescuers spent more time on phone scrolling, and their working hours were shortened（Z=－42.380, －8.729, both P<0.001）Males were at significantly lower risk of shortening their working hours than females（OR=0.590, 95%CI: 0.413-0.844）. Those with a bachelor's degree（OR=1.646, 95%CI: 1.280-2.116）or above（OR=2.109, 95%CI: 1.339-3.323）had notably higher odds of shortening working time than those with a high school diploma or lower. In terms of occupations, the support staff（OR=0.634, 95%CI: 0.439-0.916）and health care providers（OR=0.609, 95%CI: 0.389-0.953）had lowered risk of shortening working time than executives. People under home quarantine（OR=12.712, 95%CI: 9.396-17.198）, or under individual quarantine（medical observation）（OR=4.972, 95%CI: 2.812-8.792）or otherwise（OR=3.335, 95%CI: 2.221-5.007）had significantly higher chances of shortening working hours than those who commuted as usual. Additionally, alcoholic drinkers were more likely to work for shorter hours than non-drinkers（OR=1.384, 95%CI: 1.116-1.715）. Conclusion Public health emergencies may impact the lifestyles and working hours of grassroots rescuers. Personalized and immediate management is recommended so as to maintain the work efficiency of rescue personnel.

Objective To observe the effect of pretreatment with sufentanil or hydrocodone on involuntary movement of patients during induction of general anesthesia. Methods Eighty patients undergoing elective general anesthesia surgery were included, who were randomly divided into the oxy group and the sufentanil group, with forty patients in each. Once in the operating room, the patients were monitored for vital signs before being intravenously administered with 0.1 mg/kg hydrocodone and 0.1 μg/kg sufentanil, respectively. The respiratory status and changes in vital signs were observed and recorded. Three minutes later, 0.15 mg/kg etomidate was intravenously injected. Within two minutes of injection, the patients' muscle spasm symptoms were observed, followed by injection of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium bromide to evaluate the patients' limb contraction response. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before and after anesthesia induction. Results Among the forty patients in the oxy group, one（2.50%）experienced respiratory depression, four（10.00%）myoclonus, and two（5.00%）withdrawal movements. In contrast, in the suf group, two（5.00%）experienced respiratory depression, eighteen（45.00%）myoclonus, and fifteen（37.50%）withdrawal movements. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of respiratory depression between the two groups（P>0.05）. The incidence of myoclonus and withdrawal movements was lower in the oxy group than in the suf group,（χ²=12.288, 12.624, both P<0.001）. Moreover, the differences in the distribution of myoclonus and limb withdrawal response grades between the two groups were statistically significant（Z=－6.541, －7.465, both P<0.001）. MAP was higher in the oxy group than in the suf group after anesthesia induction（t=2.298, P=0.024）. Conclusion Pretreatment with oxycodone can more effectively alleviate myoclonus and withdrawal movements in patients during general anesthesia induction than with sufentanil, with good results and minimal inhibition of circulation.

Objective To construct a efficacy prediction model for elderly patients with stroke complicated by aspiration pneumonia（AP）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 280 elderly stroke patients with aspiration pneumonia（AP）admitted to Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2022 to June 2025. Based on their prognosis, the patients were divided into a efficacy good group（224 cases）and a treatment poor response group（56 cases）. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of AP patients. Principal component analysis（PCA）and exploratory factor analysis（EFA）were employed to examine the contribution rates of these influencing factors and to construct a prediction model. Decision curve analysis（DCA）, calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves were applied to validate the predictive efficacy and net benefit of the model. Results The age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS）score, blood urea nitrogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）, procalcitonin（PCT）at admission, oral transit time（OTT）, and pharyngeal transit time（PTT）levels in the treatment poor response group were all higher than those in the efficacy good group（t=5.132-18.032, all P<0.001）, and the proportion of cases with a history of smoking, pharyngeal residue（PR）, Pneumonia Severity Index（PSI）scores of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ, and swallowing disorders in the treatment poor response group were all also higher than those of efficacy good group（χ²=18.576-21.252, all P<0.001）. Logistic regression analysis showed that a history of smoking（OR=1.728, 95%CI: 1.214-2.459）, hs-CRP（OR=1.993, 95%CI: 1.240-3.203）, PCT（OR=1.285, 95%CI: 1.123-1.471）, PSI score（OR=1.453, 95%CI: 1.249-1.690）, and PR（OR=1.679, 95%CI: 1.035-2.725）were risk factors for poor prognosis（all P<0.05）. DCA curve validation revealed that the model still had positive net benefit when the predicted probability close to 80%. The calibration curve was close to the ideal curve, indicating good discrimination and consistency. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve（AUC）of the model was 0.860, indicating good predictive ability. Conclusion Smoking history, high levels of hs-CRP, high levels of PCT, higher PSI scores, and PR status are risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly stroke patients with AP. The efficacy prediction model constructed by integrating multimodal data had good discriminative ability and consistency, with relatively good predictive performance.

Objective To assess the effect of exercise therapy on circulating oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched for related studies published between the inception and August 15, 2024. Data was analyzed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0 software. Results Eleven studies involving 766 participants（449 in the exercise intervention group and 317 in the control group）were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that exercise therapy significantly reduced malondialdehyde（MDA）levels in T2DM patients（SMD=－0.59, 95％CI: －0.90-－0.28, P<0.001）while significantly increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase（SOD）（SMD=0.44, 95％CI: 0.27-0.61, P<0.001）and catalase（CAT） （MD=7.45, 95%CI: 5.64-9.27, P<0.001）. Subgroup analyses found that exercise interventions of 12 or 24 weeks and at a weekly frequency of 2 to 4 or 5 to 7 sessions could effectively lower MDA levels while those with a duration of 24 weeks and a weekly frequency of 2 to 4 or 5 to 7 sessions significantly elevated SOD levels. Egger's test indicated low chances of publication bias. Conclusion Appropriate and regular exercise can mitigate oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity in T2DM patients, suggesting that exercise therapy can help ameliorate oxidative injury and slow disease progression in this population.

objective To analyze the data on medical examinations ofaircrews long-stationed at high altitudes to explore the disease spectrum and to study the specific effects of high-altitude environments on human physiological function in order to provide data for related health care support. Methods A respective analysis was conducted of the health checkup data of aircrews who had worked for at least two consecutive years at altitudes above 3 000 meters. According to the time they underwent the physical examinations, they were divided into three groups: the period on the plains, a stay of one year on the plateau and a stay of two years on the plateau. Results A total of 113 flight crew members were included. The top five diseases in the period on the plains were hyperlipidemia（22%, 25/113）, thyroid diseases（19%, 21/113）, liver diseases（16%, 18/113）, hyperuricemia（15%, 17/113）, and lumbar spine diseases（15%, 17/113）. During their first year on the plateau, the top five were hyperuricemia（31%, 35/113）, thyroid diseases（28%, 32/113）, hyperlipidemia（22%, 25/113）, liver diseases（20%, 23/113）, and lumbar spine diseases（19%, 22/113）. By the second year on the plateau, the top five were hyperuricemia（38%, 43/113）, thyroid diseases（36%, 41/113）,cardiac diseases（32%, 36 /113）, liver diseases（27%, 30/113）, and hyperlipidemia（26%, 29/113）. The top three fastest- increasing diseases were the cardiac diseases, hyperuricemia, and thyroid diseases. Conclusion This study has shed light on the characteristics of common diseases among aircrews long-stationed on the plateau during different periods, elaborated on the impacts of long-term exposure to the plateau environment on their physiological status, and has great implications for the physical health of plateau aircrews and for the safety of aviation.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms（CPLS）and associated psychosocial risk factors among unmarried males in plateau regions in order to provide evidence for the prevention and management of type III prostatitis（chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, CP/CPPS）. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1 024 unmarried males were enrolled from the Ngari Prefecture, Tibet（average altitude: 4 200 m）. Data was collected using the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index（NIH-CPSI）to determine the incidence of CPLS and analyze the risk factors. Results Among the 1 024 men surveyed, the incidence of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms（CPLS）was 11.43%（117/1 024）. The total scores of NIH-CPSI, pain symptom scores, urinary domain scores, and quality of life scores in the CPLS group were significantly higher than in the non-CPLS group,（Z=－17.842, －27.892, －18.268, －13.521, all P<0.001）. Significant differences were observed between the CPLS and non-CPLS groups in terms of frequent urine holding, daily sedentary durations, sleep durations, and frequency of masturbation（χ²=12.828, 6.566, 12.969, 59.892, P<0.001, =0.010, <0.001, <0.001）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following as independent risk factors for CPLS: social factors including frequent urine holding（OR=3.055, 95%CI: 1.405-6.640）, sleep durations ≤6 hours/day（OR=2.017, 95%CI: 1.305-3.116）, and frequency of masturbation ≥4 times/week（OR=10.117, 95%CI: 4.508-22.709）and psychological factors including anxiety（OR=2.083, 95%CI: 1.311-3.309）, emotional instability（OR=2.795, 95%CI: 1.809-4.319）, and poor interpersonal relationships（OR=5.118, 95%CI: 3.143-8.335）. Conclusion The incidence of CPLS is high among unmarried males in plateau regions. The risk factors include frequent holding of urine, long sleep durations, high frequency of masturbation, anxiety, unstable emotions, and poor interpersonal relationships. It is recommended that CPLS related health knowledge be made more accessible in plateau regions and desirable habits be encouraged. At the same time, patients' conditions should be assessed during the treatment of CPLS to keep patients away from adverse influences.

Objective To improve the ability of high-altitude medical support by investigating the distribution of diseases among troops undergoing one-year training in border areas above 3 000 meters, and analyzing the epidemiology. Methods The medical records of military inpatients and outpatients admitted to the People' Hospital of Caya County, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region were collected. Those who had undertaken one-year training tasks were screened out by task before being classified into the acclimatized group and the newly-arrived group according to the time they entered the plateau. The diseases detected were categorized using the International Classification of Diseases method（ICD-11）, and the distribution of the diseases was analyzed. Results The medical records of these training troops fell into 15 types of diseases involving 5 264 visits. The top five categories were diseases linked to the respiratory system（2 107 visits, 40.03%）, digestive system（1 065 visits, 20.23%）, skin and subcutaneous tissue（937 visits, 17.80%）, nervous system（259 visits, 4.92%）, and musculoskeletal and connective tissue（218 visits, 4.14%）. There was statistically significant difference in the ratio of disease composition between the acclimatized group and the newly arrived group（χ²=926.483, P=0.001）. The proportion of visits for diseases related to the respiratory system, skin/subcutaneous tissue and circulatory system was higher in the newly arrived group than in the acclimatized group（χ²=97.758, 23.427, 5.426, P<0.001, <0.001, =0.020）, while that of visits for diseases associated with the digestive system, musculoskeletal system/connective tissue, injuries/ poisoning/external trauma, endocrine/nutrition/metabolism, blood and hematopoietic systems was lower（χ²=4.736-374.007, all P<0.05）. The number of visits to doctors was the largest in winter（1 878 visits, 35.68%）, followed by autumn（1 589 visits, 30.19%）and spring（1 026 visits, 19.49%）, and the lowest in summer（771 visits, 14.65%）. There were seasonal differences in the frequency of visits between the acclimatized group and the newly arrived group（χ²=418.196, P<0.001）. The number of visits in the newly arrived group was larger than in the acclimatized group in summer and autumn（χ²=161.138, 86.071, both P<0.001）, but lower in spring and winter（χ²=253.167, 26.035, both P<0.001）. Conclusion High altitude diseases have seasonal and regional characteristics. Individualized and precise plans for prevention and treatment should be mapped out based on the tasks of training troops, which is of great significance for improving the ability of high-altitude medical support.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a physical training program s for pilots in high - altitude, low-oxygen environments. Methods A randomized controlled trial design was adopted that divided 20 pilots into a physical training group（n=10）and a non-physical training group（n=10）. The training regimen for the physical training group focused on strength training for lower limbs, abdomens, chests, and back muscle groups, supplemented by aerobic endurance training. The non-training group received related health education only without physical training. After a 4-week intervention for each group, the training effects were compared and analyzed. Results Pre-training measurements showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the limb circumference, body composition, upper/lower limb strength, abdominal/back muscle endurance, lower limb explosive power, or aerobic capacity（all P>0.05）. Post-intervention, the body fat percentage was lower in the physical training group than in the non-physical training group（t=2.148, P=0.046）while the values of bench press 1-RM（t=2.153, P=0.045）, squat 1-RM（t=2.482, P=0.023）, abdominal endurance（t=2.917, P=0.011）, and maximal oxygen uptake（VO_2max）（t=2.158, P=0.045）were significantly higher. Following training, the left upper limb circumference increased（t=2.880, P=0.018）while the lower limb circumference decreased（t=3.550, P=0.007）, along with a decrease in the body fat percentage（t=3.398, P=0.008）in the physical fitness training group. Muscle mass（t=2.803, P=0.021）, abdominal endurance（t=2.956, P=0.012）, back muscle endurance（t=2.921, P=0.013）, and VO_2max（t=5.350, P<0.001）were all increased after training. In the non-physical training group, the left upper limb circumference（t=2.480, P=0.035） and lower limb circumference（t=4.151, P=0.002）decreased while the body fat percentage increased compared with pre-training levels（t=5.201, P<0.001）. Additionally, their bench press 1-RM（t=5.198, P<0.001）, squat 1-RM（t=5.302, P<0.001）, abdominal endurance（t=5.250, P<0.001）, and back muscle endurance（t=5.280, P<0.001）were all lower. Conclusion Physical training in high-altitude environments can effectively improve pilots' body composition and athletic performance. However, more optimization of training protocols is needed to enhance explosive power.