Objective To establish an evaluation method for visual attention ability in flight spatial orientation. Methods 168 fighter pilots took part in the study. Thirty-two fighter pilots were selected as the subjects before tasks and indicators for evaluation were determined via experiments using static attention scales, desktop dynamic simulation flight experimental systems, and illusion simulation training systems. An evaluation system was developed and 35 pilots were enrolled in the experiment to test the reliability and validity of the system. Test data from 195 pilots was used to establish the score norm for evaluation. Results The dual task in which the primary task was simulating flight while the secondary task was responding to the warning information was used as the evaluation paradigm. The primary task involved five tasks of simulating flight combat or stages, while the secondary tasks included 2-level response tasks to information on warning and attention. Thirteen evaluation indicators were identified. The retest reliability and criterion-related validity of the evaluation system were 0.993 and 0.753, respectively, both of which were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Tasks and indexes for evaluation of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation have been established, which have proved the good reliability and validity of the system. At the same time, a set of evaluation methods has been established, which can be used for the selection, evaluation and training of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation.
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of asthenopia symptoms among Air Force soldiers and identify the determinants so as to provide technical support for maintaining visual health. Methods A nationwide and cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2023 and January 2024 in Air Force, involving the 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire (ASQ-11) and related influencing factors that were analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to identify factors related to asthenopia. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlations between ASQ-11 and Ocular Surface Disease Index（OSDI）scales. Results A total of 1 104 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 90.71%, and 1 065 participants were enrolled in the study, including 356 pilots and 709 other personnel. The detection rate of asthenopia was 32.87% for pilots and 20.87% for other military personnel, suggesting that the detection rate of asthenopia among pilots was higher（χ2=18.231, P<0.001）. There was significant difference between pilots of different types of aircraft（χ2=10.260, P=0.006）, but no significant difference between other personnel（χ2=1.175, P=0.278）. For pilots, the risk factors for asthenopia included age（OR=1.092, 95%CI: 1.043~1.146）, poor sleep（OR=2.152, 95%CI: 1.059~4.492）, jobs involving electronic screens（OR=2.321, 95%CI: 1.078~5.167）, more than 4 hours of reading close to electronic products（OR=2.840, 95%CI: 1.111~7.594）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.304, 95%CI: 1.233~1.392）. For personnel other than pilots, working in Central China（OR=2.175, 95%CI: 1.007~4.591）, refractive errors（OR=2.670，95%CI：1.579~4.531）, poor sleep（OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.373~3.977）, reading close to non-electronic products for more than 4 hours（OR=2.679, 95%CI: 1.204~5.829）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.153, 95%CI: 1.124~1.186）were risk factors. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the ASQ-11 and OSDI scores（r=0.768, P<0.001 for pilots and r=0.725, P<0.001 for other military personnel）. Conclusion The detection rate of asthenopia in Air Force is relatively high. Related clinicians should get involved in the risk management of asthenopia. Precautions have to be taken to ensure the visual health of Air Force soldiers.
Objective To formulate the development of an autonomous training program for psychological resilience in order to enhance the psychological resilience of pilots, improve their stress resistance and sleep quality, and prove the utility of this training method. Methods A total of 234 pilots who were recuperating in Dalian Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from March 2021 to January 2023 were randomly stratified and divided into a training group and a control group. In addition to routine recuperation, the training group received an autonomous training program for psychological resilience, while the control group did not. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISE）was used to evaluate changes in psychological resilience, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）and Polysomnography（PSG） were adopted to evaluate subjective and objective quantification of sleep quality and study the effects of this training on sleep. Results The resilience factor（t=2.534, P=0.025）, belief factor（t=2.379, P=0.032）, and total psychological resilience score（t=2.490, P=0.028）of the training group increased after training, and the differences were statistically significant. After training, the training group showed significant improvements in subjective sleep quality（Z=3.918, P<0.001）, sleep time（Z=2.201, P=0.027）, falling asleep time（Z=2.178, P=0.037）, sleep efficiency（Z=2.378, P=0.018）, sleep disorders（Z=3.228, P=0.001）, daytime dysfunction（Z=4.908, P<0.001）, and PSQI total score（Z=3.790, P<0.001）. The subjective sleep quality（Z=2.804, P=0.020）, sleep time（Z=2.200, P=0.028）, falling asleep time（Z=2.073, P=0.048）, and PSQI total score（Z=2.992, P=0.016）of the control group improved to a certain extent after routine recuperation. The results of multi-channel sleep monitoring data showed that after training, the total sleep time（t=6.973, P=0.015）, sleep latency（t=5.166, P=0.032）, REM latency（t=5.490, P=0.028）, and sleep efficiency（t=5.021, P=0.041）were significantly different. During the non-rapid eye movement phase, the sleep time in N1 phase decreased（t=5.247, P=0.036）, but that in N2 phase（t=6.268, P=0.023）and N3 phase（t=5.232, P=0.038）increased（P<0.05）. The control group showed improvement in both subjective and objective sleep indicators, but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion The psychological resilience training program can improve the psychological resilience of pilots, and there is a significant improvement in the subjective and objective experiences of sleep quality.
Objective To analyze the characteristics of bilateral knee flexor and extensor muscle strength under different angular velocities in order to prevent knee injuries in fighter pilots. Methods Isokinetic plyometric tests were performed on 339 fighter pilots at three different angular velocities－60, 180°/s and 300°/s. The peak torque of bilateral knee flexion and extension, the peak torque/body weight ratio, work fatigue, and the hamstring/quadriceps（H/Q）ratio were analyzed. Results At different angular velocities, there was statistically significant difference in the maximum muscle strength of bilateral knee joint flexion and extension（Fangular velocity=6 568.537, 1 048.388, both P<0.001）and in the work fatigue of the flexor and extensor muscles of both knee joints（Fangular velocity=0.456, 0.285, P<0.001, =0.593）, especially between the dominant and non-dominant sides（Fbilateral=399.862, 415.773, both P<0.001）. The H/Q values of both knee joint flexion and extension were significant different at various angular velocities（Fangular velocity=6 216.789, P<0.001）, and between the dominant and non-dominant sides（Fbilateral=13 813.530, P<0.001）. Conclusion Bilateral knee extensor muscle strength of fighter pilots is higher than the average of sports population, but flexor muscle strength is generally lower. Fighter pilots should enhance hamstring muscle strength and quadriceps endurance to improve the balance of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength, thus improving knee stability and reducing knee training injuries.
Objective To study the clinical efficacy of Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with hot compress patches and Feng's spinal manipulation treatment against lumbar disc protrusion. Methods A total of 120 patients with lower back pain admitted between May 2024 and July 2024 were selected as subjects, who were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method. Both groups（120 cases）received Feng's spinal manipulation treatment, but the control group（60 cases）was additionally given conventional hot compress treatment with the Hantongle paste patch while the treatment group（60 cases）was treated with Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with graphene hot compress patches. One course of treatment lasted 10 days, and the therapeutic effect was assessed after treatment. A handheld infrared thermometer was used to observe temperature changes before and after treatment. The Visual Analog Scale（VAS）was employed to assess pain changes before and after treatment while the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire（ODI）was used to evaluate changes of lumbar function. Results After treatment, the temperature difference in infrared thermography decreased in both groups（t=6.616, 7.227, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（Fgroup=4.159, Pgroup=0.044）. Additionally, VAS scores decreased in both groups（t=8.182, 10.056, both P<0.001）, particularly in the treatment group（Fgroup=11.430, Pgroup<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group（χ2=4.357, P=0.037）. Furthermore, ODI scores decreased in both groups after treatment（t=7.317, 9.368, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（Fgroup=12.152, Pgroup<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group（χ2=12.570, P<0.001）. Conclusion For patients with lower back pain, the combined use of Shujin Zhitong gel patches with graphene hot compress patches can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function, demonstrating good clinical efficacy.
Objective To standardize the storage of traditional Chinese medicines to ensure the quality and safety of drugs. Methods The specifications about storage in the instructions of 291 types of proprietary Chinese medicines in the drug catalog of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Medical University were statistically analyzed before the results of observation were evaluated. Results According to the functional classification by the National Basic Medical Insurance, Industrial Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue（2023）, the 291 drugs were divided into 31 categories, among which 49 were immunity-boosting agents, accounting for 16.84%, 42 were heat-clearing agents, accounting for 14.43%, and 37 were blood-stasis removing agents, accounting for 12.71%. The required temperature was not specified in the instructions of 215 of these drugs, accounting for the largest proportion（73.88%）, and the instructions of 67 drugs specified that the storage temperature was up to 20 ℃ or in cool place, accounting for 23.02%. In the instructions of 259 drugs, sealing was required for storage, accounting for the largest proportion（89.00%）. Capsules made up the majority of these drugs, accounting for 33.59%, followed by granules and pills, accounting for 16.22%. The technical terms related to light storage of drugs were shading and avoiding light. In most of these drug instructions（279）, lighting conditions were not mentioned, accounting for 95.88%. There were 68 storage items that specified requirements for humidity, accounting for 23.37%, while 76.63% did not. Conclusion It is critical to ensure the correct storage conditions of drugs and standardize the descriptions of storage terms in drug instructions, such as temperature and humidity.
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for death in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 positive dermatomyositis. Methods The clinical data of 67 dermatomyositis patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology between August 2017 and August 2022 was retrospectively analyzed, including 34 MDA5 positive dermatomyositis patients（positive group）and 33 MDA5 negative ones（control group）, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. According to the clinical outcomes of patients, the MDA5 positive group was again divided into a death group（8 cases）and a survival group（26 cases）before the risk factors for death were analyzed. Results Among the 67 patients with dermatomyositis, 34 were in the positive group and 33 in the control group, with an average age of 52.00（20.00, 85.00）years. Compared with the control group, the positive group was more vulnerable to arthritis（χ2=6.594, P=0.010）, characteristic rash（χ2=12.653, P<0.001）and interstitial lung disease（χ2=4.422, P=0.035）. White blood cell levels（t=3.353, P=0.001）, lymphocyte levels（t=2.970, P=0.004）, total cholesterol levels（t=2.625, P=0.011）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels（t=4.029, P<0.001）and C3 decreased（t=4.536, P=0.033）. However, the levels of alanine aminotransferase（t=2.202, P=0.028）, aspartate aminotransferase（t=2.772, P=0.006）, andγ-glutamyltransferase（t=4.304, P<0.001）, and the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation（t=5.235, P=0.022）were higher, so was IL-6（t=8.232, P=0.004）, and the differences were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lymphocytes<0.55×109 /L（OR=31.403, 95% CI: 1.648~598.438）, interleukin-6>30 pg/m（OR=35.313，95% CI: 1.526~817.279）, and ferritin>1 100 μg/L（OR=24.323, 95% CI: 1.309~452.038）were risk factors for death. Conclusion MDA5 positive patients with dermatomyositis are more susceptible to arthritis, characteristic rash and interstitial lung disease, with high inflammatory markers and high mortality.
