Objective To explore the impact of pilots' visual attention features on combat performance during simulated air-to-air combat, and provide data for simulated air-to-air combat training. Methods A total of 25 pilots were selected as the subjects to complete simulated air to air combat tasks on a computer wearing an eye tracking device that recorded the pilots' eye movement while the computer recorded related combat performance indicators such as the time taken to complete a task and results of attacks. Eye movement indicators related to visual attention were selected before correlations with the time taken to complete a task were analyzed and a correlation regression model was constructed to study the differences in eye movement indicators between pilots with successful attacks and those whose attacks failed. Results There was a significant positive correlation between eleven eye tracking indicators and the time taken to lock in the enemy's aircraft（r=0.399-0.657, all P<0.05）.A linear regression equation was constructed that involved such eye movement indicators as the number of fixations on the radar image area, the entry time of the first complete fixation in the data area of the enemy's aircraft, the latency time of first complete fixation on the area of height data, and the average time taken by complete fixation on the task command area（R²=0.712, F=12.375, P<0.001）. There were four eye movement indicators that were significantly negatively correlated with attack duration（r=－0.459, －0.486, －0.480, －0.420, all P<0.05）. A linear regression equation between eye movement indicators and the time taken by an attack was constructed involving six eye movement indicators, including the total time of gaze at the radar image area, the number of gazes at the radar image area, the number of scans in the radar image area, the number of scans in the locked image area, the entry speed of peak scans in the airspeed data area, and the entry speed of peak scans in the data area of the enemy's aircraft（R²=0.736, F=3.540, P=0.017）. Compared with pilots who failed in an attack, the successful pilots had shorter latency times in the first fixation on the area of height data, the first complete fixation on the area of height data, the first complete fixation on the area of data on enemy's aircraft, and the first departure from the area of data on enemy's aircraft, and the differences were statistically significant（t=－2.206~－2.059, all P<0.05）. Conclusion In simulated air combat scenarios, pilots exhibit distinct visual attention patterns, and their eye tracking indicators can provide important data for simulated air-to-air combat training.

Objective To evaluate the changes in levels of fatigue during 24-hour simulated flight tasks and the anti-fatigue effect of modafinil based on electroencephalogram（EEG）technology so as to provide data for research on the applicability of modafinil to the military. Methods Six male subjects who met the physical requirements of pilots were selected. Within-subjects-design was adopted. Each subject participated in two 24-hour continuous simulated flight tasks. During the task, modafenib and placebo were taken separately, with modafenib as the experimental group and placebo as the control group. The subjective evaluation score（including the subjective sleepiness score and fatigue score）, critical flash fusion frequency and EEG data were collected throughout the experiment. Subjective evaluation and critical flash fusion frequency evaluation were used as auxiliary means to define the level of fatigue. The changes of four EEG rhythm waves, proportional parameters and wavelet entropy with flight time and the differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results During the 24-hour continuous simulation flight task, the δ-wave activity and wavelet entropy in the prefrontal area of the subjects were significantly reduced（F=1.981, 0.643, P=0.030, 0.016）, the subjects became less vigilant, the degree of inhibition of brain activity was elevated, and fatigue was intensified. There was no significant difference between the two groups, that was, modafinil did not completely block the positive increase of fatigue, which was basically consistent with the results of subjective and critical flash fusion frequency evaluation. Conclusion The δ-wave of EEG in the prefrontal region and wavelet entropy can be used as a potential objective and effective indexes to assess the fatigue level of flight personnel and the anti-fatigue effect of modafinil.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality and perceived stress of military aircrews and the moderating effects of coping styles. Methods The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）scale, the Perceived Stress Scale（PSS）, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）were employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 102 military aircrews. The results of the survey were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and moderation effect analysis on 98 valid questionnaires. Results The total score of PSQI for military aircrews was（7.95±3.03）points, and 39.80% of these aircrews（39/98）had sleep disorders（PSQI≥8 points）. The total score of PSS was（25.85±8.15）points, with 34.69%（34/98）experiencing high levels of stress and 6.12%（6/98）experiencing extremely high levels of stress. The sleep quality index was positively correlated with perceived stress and negative coping（r/r_s=0.909, 0.901, all P<0.001）, while positive coping was negatively correlated with the sleep quality index, perceived stress, and negative coping（r/r_s=－0.865, －0.911, －0.898, all P<0.001）. Positive coping styles played a moderating role in the relationships between perceived stress and sleep quality（P<0.001）, while negative coping styles had no moderating effect（P=0.676）. Conclusion Military aircrews have suboptimal sleep quality. The greater the stress, the poorer the sleep quality. Positive coping styles can mitigate the negative impact of stress on sleep quality.

Objective To investigate the dietary and nutritional status of military aircrews stationed on a plateau and provide a reference basis for the dietary and nutritional support of aviation units training at a high altitude. Method From April to May 2023, 190 military aircrews were selected from three aviation units（unit A, unit B and unit C）stationed at an altitude of over 3 000 m. A dietary survey was conducted using the weighing method for three consecutive days（at least one flight day was included）, and the daily energy and various nutrient intake per person were calculated according to "China Food Composition Table（Sixth Edition ）". The physical activity level of the 17 military aircrews was recorded for 24 hours using an ActiGraph, and the total daily energy consumption was calculated. Dietary nutrition valuation was conducted according to "Dietary Allowances for Military Personnel"（GJB 823B-2016）and "Dietary Ration for Military Personnel"（GJB 826C-2022）, as well as the actual energy consumption of military aircrews during their high-altitude training and daily life. Results The per capita daily energy intake of military aircrews in the three aviation units was 3 346 kcal, 3 379 kcal, and 2 679 kcal, respectively. The total energy intake of military aircrews in units A and B reached the recommended military standard amount, while in unit C, it only accounted for 79.0% of the lower value of the recommended amount. The per capita daily energy consumption was 2 422 kcal, 2 458 kcal, and 2 230 kcal, respectively. Though the total energy intake of military aircrews in unit C didn't reach the recommended military standard amount, the daily energy consumption of military aircrews in all three units can meet the need of their daily work and life. Among the three major nutrient energy supply ratios for unit A, the energy supply ratios of protein, fat, and carbohydrate are 17.0%, 49.0%, and 34.0%, respectively. For unit B, they are 15.0%, 54.0%, and 31.0%, and for unit C, they are 14.0%, 46.0%, and 40.0%. Except for the high energy supply from protein in group A, the energy supplies from protein in groups B and C are normal. All three units exhibit a dietary structure of high fat and low carbohydrate intake. Conclusion The current dietary structure of military aircrews at a plateau is unreasonable, and their food intake is uneven. Some nutrients have not yet reached the recommended military standards. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen nutritional education for high-altitude flight personnel, improve dietary guidance for food service providers, and further study nutritional strategies and dietary recommendations for high-altitude military aircrews.

Objective To find out about the role of occupational exposure such as electromagnetic radiation, acceleration load and mental stress in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases in flight personnel so as to provide data for the research on aerospace medical care. Methods The physical examination and assessment data of 8 057 military pilots who rehabilitated between January 2022 and July 2024 was collected, the incidence rates of thyroid diseases were calculated, and the differences in incidence rates between groups of different ages, aircraft types, jobs and flight hours were analyzed. Results The total prevalence rate of thyroid diseases among these flight personnel was 46.54%, including thyroid nodules（41.16%）, Hashimoto's thyroiditis（4.22%）, thyroid cancer（1.96%）, and thyroid dysfunction（0.84%）. The incidence of the above thyroid diseases increased with age（Z=190.500, 6.433, 63.164, 15.979, 308.026, P<0.001, =0.011, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001）and flight hours（Z=109.791, 9.864, 60.778, 16.943, 209.829, P<0.001, =0.002, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001）. Thyroid diseases were more prevalent in flight personnel of airborne early warning aircraft than in those of other types of aircraft（all P<0.05）, and among service crews than among pilots（χ²=4.209, 12.489, 4.723, 6.009, 18.536, P=0.040, <0.001, 0.030, 0.014, <0.001）. Age（OR=1.028, 95%CI: 1.019~1.037）, accumulated hours of flight（OR=1.114, 95%CI: 1.088~1.142）, aircraft types（OR=2.195, 95%CI: 1.337~3.606）, and service jobs（OR=1.669, 95%CI: 1.109~2.239）were all contributors to thyroid diseases in pilots. Conclusion The incidence of thyroid diseases in flight personnel is high, and age, accumulated hours of flight, aircraft types, and service jobs can make a difference in the vulnerability to thyroid diseases in pilots. Occupational exposure during flight is an important cause of thyroid diseases.

Objective To explore the abnormal spectra detected during ophthalmic selections of students from teenager aviation schools in Northeast China. Methods A total 173 students in Northeast China who were eliminated during Air Force recruitment medical selections in 2015-2020 were selected to analyze the abnormal spectra of ophthalmic diseases. Results A comparison of the rates of elimination due to ophthalmic diseases over the six years suggested that the percentage was over 50%. The analysis of the proportion of various diseases eliminated in ophthalmology showed that the diseases eliminated in ophthalmology in each year were mainly concentrated in fundus lesions and refractive errors, accounting for 35.40%（40/113）and 46.02%（52/113）respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the years（χ²=4.372, 3.881, P=0.497, 0.567）. Peripheral retinal degeneration was the main cause of retinal diseases（P=0.137）while myopia that exceeded the permitted level was the chief contributor to refractive errors（P=0.623）. The changes of the spherical degree were the main manifestation in myopia that exceeded the permitted level（F=3.968, P=0.006）. Conclusion Peripheral retinal degeneration and refractive errors are the major reasons that candidate from teenager aviation schools are eliminated ophthalmologically, and refractive errors mostly manifest themselves as myopia that exceeds the permitted level.

Objective Investigate the situation of neck and back pain in flight pilots and cadets, analyze the relevant risk factors, and provide reference for the early and targeted prevention and treatment of neck and back pain in flight pilots and cadets. Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate the incidence of neck and low back pain among pilots, the questionnaire included basic information, military training, physical training, and neck and back pain. 272 flight personnel divided into the instructor group and cadet group. Both groups were re-divided into a group with neck and low back pain and one without. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for neck and low back pain. Results Among the 272 pilots, 75（27.6%）suffered from neck and low back pain, including 15 cadets（9.3%）and 60 instructors（54.5%）, so the difference was statistically significant（χ²=67.279, P<0.001）. Forty-one pilots were afflicted with chronic neck and low back pain（15.1%）, including 4 cadets（2.5%）and 37 instructors（33.6%）, and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=49.714, P<0.001）. The difference in the incidence of neck and back pain between pilots of different age groups, BMI, and flight time was statistically significant（χ²=64.022, 23.585, 73.262, all P<0.001）. The incidence among pilots ages 31 and older, with a BMI of above 24 kg/m²and a flight time over 1 000 h was higher than among those ages 30 and younger, whose BMI was below 24 kg/m² and flight time was 1 000 h or less（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in military training, physical training, and neck and back pain among flight trainees and instructors with or without neck and back pain in each group（all P<0.05）. The risk factors for neck and low back pain among pilots included a cumulative flight time of over 1 000~2 000 h（OR=14.191, 95%CI: 4.213~47.802, P<0.001）and 2 000 h（OR=18.412, 95%CI: 6.850~49.492, P<0.001）, invasive treatment（OR=13.835, 95%CI: 2.264~84.549, P=0.004）, poor posture（OR=3.937, 95%CI: 1.649~9.398, P=0.002）and improper methods of exercise（OR=2.735, 95%CI: 1.096~6.824, P=0.002）. The risk factors in the instructor group included a flight time of over 1 000~2 000 h（OR=115.580, 95%CI: 3.164~4 221.890, P=0.010）and 2 000 h（OR=197.790, 95%CI: 5.226~7 486.187, P=0.004）, lack of guidance for prevention and treatment of neck and low back pain（OR=20.010, 95%CI: 3.932~101.836, P<0.001）, poor posture at ordinary times（OR=4.586, 95%CI: 1.232~17.075, P=0.023）and too long a single flight（OR=5.346, 95%CI: 1.347~21.212, P=0.017）. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of neck and low back pain require attention to both flight related factors and non-flight factors so as to effectively reduce the prevalence of neck and low back pain among flight personnel.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of VR（virtual reality）simulated flight environment provocation tests in electroencephalogram（EEG）monitoring. Methods Based on the occupational environmental characteristics of flight personnel, this study designed VR-simulated flight glasses（Patent No. ZL202320554741.9）incorporating such scenarios as aircraft takeoff and landing, formation flight, maneuvering flight, and snow flight. From September 2020 to September 2023, 60 flight personnel, 60 healthy volunteers, and 100 patients with epilepsy underwent video-EEG monitoring and VR-simulated induction tests. The effectiveness of the VR simulated induction test was demonstrated by comparing the positive detection rates in different induction tests. Results Among the 100 patients with epilepsy, 2（2%）were positive for intermittent photic stimulation（IPS）, 2（2%）for hyperventilation（HV）, and 3（3%）for the VR simulated flight test. Both IPS and HV were negative in the 60 flight personnel and 60 healthy subjects. Additionally, 1 of the 60 flight personnel experienced dizziness during the VR-simulated flight test, while 7 of the 60 healthy subjects felt dizzy during the test, with 1 discontinuing the test due to dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Conclusion The VR simulated provocation tests have demonstrated good safety and the ability to induce epileptiform discharges. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the feasibility of using this approach during EEG monitoring of aircrew members.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, characterized by low atmospheric pressure, low oxygen pressure, and a cold climate. Various systems and organs in the human body can be affected to different extents due to its unique geographical environment. The male reproductive system is particularly sensitive to low oxygen conditions, and exposure to the plateau environment may impact male sexual function and spermatogenesis, potentially leading to reduced serum hormone levels, decreased sperm quality, and damage to testicular tissue. This article summarizes the effects on and changes in human functions, the male reproductive system, and the ultrastructure of the testes under different time frames of exposure to the plateau environment.

血流限制训练（blood flow restriction training，BFRT）是一种新兴的训练方法，通过部分限制动脉血流、完全限制静脉血流，结合较小的训练强度，达到高强度抗阻训练的效果。这种训练方法现已扩展到许多领域，包括力量训练、术后康复和预防肌肉萎缩等。BFRT相较于传统康复训练具有运动强度小、安全、无创和易操作性等特点，笔者总结了BFRT在运动损伤康复中的应用，分别从概念、作用机制、临床应用和使用方法等方面进行阐述，以期为BFRT的临床应用和研究提供参考依据。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of asthenopia symptoms among Air Force soldiers and identify the determinants so as to provide technical support for maintaining visual health. Methods A nationwide and cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2023 and January 2024 in Air Force, involving the 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire (ASQ-11) and related influencing factors that were analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to identify factors related to asthenopia. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlations between ASQ-11 and Ocular Surface Disease Index（OSDI）scales. Results A total of 1 104 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 90.71%, and 1 065 participants were enrolled in the study, including 356 pilots and 709 other personnel. The detection rate of asthenopia was 32.87% for pilots and 20.87% for other military personnel, suggesting that the detection rate of asthenopia among pilots was higher（χ²=18.231, P<0.001）. There was significant difference between pilots of different types of aircraft（χ²=10.260, P=0.006）, but no significant difference between other personnel（χ²=1.175, P=0.278）. For pilots, the risk factors for asthenopia included age（OR=1.092, 95%CI: 1.043~1.146）, poor sleep（OR=2.152, 95%CI: 1.059~4.492）, jobs involving electronic screens（OR=2.321, 95%CI: 1.078~5.167）, more than 4 hours of reading close to electronic products（OR=2.840, 95%CI: 1.111~7.594）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.304, 95%CI: 1.233~1.392）. For personnel other than pilots, working in Central China（OR=2.175, 95%CI: 1.007~4.591）, refractive errors（OR=2.670，95%CI：1.579~4.531）, poor sleep（OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.373~3.977）, reading close to non-electronic products for more than 4 hours（OR=2.679, 95%CI: 1.204~5.829）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.153, 95%CI: 1.124~1.186）were risk factors. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the ASQ-11 and OSDI scores（r=0.768, P<0.001 for pilots and r=0.725, P<0.001 for other military personnel）. Conclusion The detection rate of asthenopia in Air Force is relatively high. Related clinicians should get involved in the risk management of asthenopia. Precautions have to be taken to ensure the visual health of Air Force soldiers.

Objective To analyze the clinical and endoscopic features and prognostic factors of primary small intestinal lymphoma in order to improve the diagnostic efficiency and provide data for prognostic evaluation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data and endoscopic features of patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma who had accepted balloon-assisted enteroscopy（BAE）at our center between January 2008 and November 2022. Treatments and prognosis were evaluated after a detailed follow-up. The clinical manifestations and endoscopic features of small intestinal lymphoma patients were summarized according to pathological types and clinical stages. Also, the survival curve after diagnosis and poor prognosis（death）related factors were analyzed. Independent predictors of poor prognosis（death）were explored via the COX proportional-hazards model. Results Thirty-three patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma with follow-up results were included for analysis, with an average age of（55.8±1.6） years old. The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain（75.8%）, gastrointestinal obstruction（48.6%）, gastrointestinal bleeding（39.4%）, and weight loss（45.5%）. The pathological types of cases were B-cell lymphoma（28 cases, 84.8%）and T-cell lymphoma（5 cases, 15.2%）. The former included 17 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma（51.5%）, 6 cases of follicular cell lymphoma（18.2%）, and 5 cases of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma（MALT lymphoma）（15.2%）. The diagnostic rate of endoscopic biopsy for B-cell lymphoma was relatively high（>80%）, while the rate of pathological diagnosis of MALT lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma was reduced with BAE-biopsy. Patients with advanced imaging staging had a significantly higher risk of death, and there was significant difference in median survival time between the two groups of patients（P<0.05）. Independent risk factors for death in patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma included moderate to severe anemia（HR=6.377，95%CI: 1.245~32.657, P=0.026）, T-cell lymphoma（HR=24.694, 95%CI: 2.978~204.767, P=0.003）, and progression stage in imaging assessment（HR=6.923, 95%CI: 1.871~25.620, P=0.004）. Conclusion BAE combined with biopsy is critical to the diagnosis of small intestinal lymphoma. Moderate to severe anemia, progression stage in imaging assessment, and T-cell lymphoma might be associated with poor prognosis for small intestinal lymphoma.

Objective To establish an evaluation method for visual attention ability in flight spatial orientation. Methods 168 fighter pilots took part in the study. Thirty-two fighter pilots were selected as the subjects before tasks and indicators for evaluation were determined via experiments using static attention scales, desktop dynamic simulation flight experimental systems, and illusion simulation training systems. An evaluation system was developed and 35 pilots were enrolled in the experiment to test the reliability and validity of the system. Test data from 195 pilots was used to establish the score norm for evaluation. Results The dual task in which the primary task was simulating flight while the secondary task was responding to the warning information was used as the evaluation paradigm. The primary task involved five tasks of simulating flight combat or stages, while the secondary tasks included 2-level response tasks to information on warning and attention. Thirteen evaluation indicators were identified. The retest reliability and criterion-related validity of the evaluation system were 0.993 and 0.753, respectively, both of which were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Tasks and indexes for evaluation of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation have been established, which have proved the good reliability and validity of the system. At the same time, a set of evaluation methods has been established, which can be used for the selection, evaluation and training of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation.

Objective To find out the nutritional status of aircrews and explore the correlations between blood metabolism indexes and body composition indexes in order to provide data for proper nutrition and training among aircrews. Methods During health checkups, the body composition of aircrews was measured who were recuperating between July and November in our center. The metabolism-related indexes and body composition indexes of these aircrews were collected, their nutritional status was evaluated and the correlations between those indexes were analyzed. Results The abnormal rates of those indexes were high. Total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）, fasting blood glucose（FBG）, blood uric acid（BUA）were positively correlated with the body mass index（BMI）, body fat mass, body fat percentage，visceral fat area, and waist to hip ratio respectively（P<0.01）while high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）was negatively correlated with the BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage and visceral fat area（P<0.01）. Conclusion The abnormal rates of metabolism-related indexes and body composition indexes are high. The two types of indexes are closely correlated. Body composition analysis could be included during physical examinations. Nutritionists should conduct precise nutrition assessment and dietary guidance by analyzing those indexes so as to improve the health of aircrews.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and prognostic value of cytochrome b synthase（CYB）561 in breast cancer. Methods The expression level of CYB561 was compared between 76 patients with breast cancer and 40 patients with benign breast disease by immunohistochemistry. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival and log-rank test was performed. Determinants of survival prognosis of breast cancer were explored via COX regression analysis. Results The results of immunohistochemical scoring showed that the expression level of CYB561 was higher in breast cancer tissues than in normal ones（t=7.33, P=0.005）, and in patients with pathological grade Ⅲ breast cancer than in those who pathological grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ（t=12.32, P<0.001）. The difference in expression levels of CYB561 in the four breast cancer subtypes subjected to ANOVA between the four groups was statistically significant（F=229.247, P<0.001）. Multiple comparisons showed that CYB561 expression levels were elevated in TNBC patients compared with Luminal A, Luminal B and HER2-positive patients（t=14.054, 15.899, 12.538, all P<0.001）. In addition, the difference in CYB561 expression levels in estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status was statistically significant（t=7.54, 2.51, both P<0.001）.The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that patients in the CYB561 high-expression group showed shorter 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival than those in the CYB561 low expression group[（41.09±1.50）months vs（52.56±1.74）months,（25.39±1.99）months vs（33.42±2.34）months,（χ²=7.780, 5.219, P=0.005, 0.022）]. The results of COX regression analyses showed that the expression level of CYB561（HR=0.244, 95%CI=0.085~0.697, P=0.008）could make a difference to the survival prognosis of breast cancer patients. Conclusion CYB561 may play an important role in the development of breast cancer, and its expression level can be used as a potential biomarker for prognosis evaluation and diagnosis of breast cancer patients.

Objective To formulate the development of an autonomous training program for psychological resilience in order to enhance the psychological resilience of pilots, improve their stress resistance and sleep quality, and prove the utility of this training method. Methods A total of 234 pilots who were recuperating in Dalian Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from March 2021 to January 2023 were randomly stratified and divided into a training group and a control group. In addition to routine recuperation, the training group received an autonomous training program for psychological resilience, while the control group did not. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISE）was used to evaluate changes in psychological resilience, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）and Polysomnography（PSG） were adopted to evaluate subjective and objective quantification of sleep quality and study the effects of this training on sleep. Results The resilience factor（t=2.534, P=0.025）, belief factor（t=2.379, P=0.032）, and total psychological resilience score（t=2.490, P=0.028）of the training group increased after training, and the differences were statistically significant. After training, the training group showed significant improvements in subjective sleep quality（Z=3.918, P<0.001）, sleep time（Z=2.201, P=0.027）, falling asleep time（Z=2.178, P=0.037）, sleep efficiency（Z=2.378, P=0.018）, sleep disorders（Z=3.228, P=0.001）, daytime dysfunction（Z=4.908, P<0.001）, and PSQI total score（Z=3.790, P<0.001）. The subjective sleep quality（Z=2.804, P=0.020）, sleep time（Z=2.200, P=0.028）, falling asleep time（Z=2.073, P=0.048）, and PSQI total score（Z=2.992, P=0.016）of the control group improved to a certain extent after routine recuperation. The results of multi-channel sleep monitoring data showed that after training, the total sleep time（t=6.973, P=0.015）, sleep latency（t=5.166, P=0.032）, REM latency（t=5.490, P=0.028）, and sleep efficiency（t=5.021, P=0.041）were significantly different. During the non-rapid eye movement phase, the sleep time in N1 phase decreased（t=5.247, P=0.036）, but that in N2 phase（t=6.268, P=0.023）and N3 phase（t=5.232, P=0.038）increased（P<0.05）. The control group showed improvement in both subjective and objective sleep indicators, but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion The psychological resilience training program can improve the psychological resilience of pilots, and there is a significant improvement in the subjective and objective experiences of sleep quality.

人工智能技术（artificial intelligence，AI）不断发展并逐渐应用于解决航空医学中飞行员选拔训练、医疗诊断等方面出现的问题。笔者从飞行员选拔、健康监测、航空人因工程及航空医学训练等多个研究方向整理归纳出AI在航空医学领域中的重要应用，并分析其潜在的发展趋势。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of bilateral knee flexor and extensor muscle strength under different angular velocities in order to prevent knee injuries in fighter pilots. Methods Isokinetic plyometric tests were performed on 339 fighter pilots at three different angular velocities－60, 180°/s and 300°/s. The peak torque of bilateral knee flexion and extension, the peak torque/body weight ratio, work fatigue, and the hamstring/quadriceps（H/Q）ratio were analyzed. Results At different angular velocities, there was statistically significant difference in the maximum muscle strength of bilateral knee joint flexion and extension（F_{angular velocity}=6 568.537, 1 048.388, both P<0.001）and in the work fatigue of the flexor and extensor muscles of both knee joints（F_{angular velocity}=0.456, 0.285, P<0.001, =0.593）, especially between the dominant and non-dominant sides（F_bilateral=399.862, 415.773, both P<0.001）. The H/Q values of both knee joint flexion and extension were significant different at various angular velocities（F_{angular velocity}=6 216.789, P<0.001）, and between the dominant and non-dominant sides（F_bilateral=13 813.530, P<0.001）. Conclusion Bilateral knee extensor muscle strength of fighter pilots is higher than the average of sports population, but flexor muscle strength is generally lower. Fighter pilots should enhance hamstring muscle strength and quadriceps endurance to improve the balance of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength, thus improving knee stability and reducing knee training injuries.

Objective Analysis of the Effects of Tongmai Drink and Rivaroxaban on Postoperative Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Formation in Elderly Patients with Intertrochanteric Fractures. Methods Data from 100 confirmed patients treated from January 2022 to January 2023 were analyzed in the Sixth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. The patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group, with 50 patients in each group. After admission, both groups underwent complete examinations, and post-surgery observations were made in the anesthesia recovery room. Following assessment by an anesthesiologist, patients were transferred to the ward for dynamic monitoring of vital signs. Postoperatively, the control group received Rivaroxaban, while the study group received Tongmai Drink in addition to Rivaroxaban. Both groups were treated for 35 days and followed up one month after surgery. The conditions of the lower limbs and changes in relevant laboratory indicators were observed, and the incidence rates of postoperative venous thromboembolism and adverse drug reactions during the medication period were recorded. Results On the 10th and 15th day after surgery in both groups, the lower limb circumference difference in the study group was smaller than that in the control group（t=5.781~17.295, all P<0.001）. After the same intervention time of 7 days, the coagulation related indicators and hemorheological indicators in the study group were better than those in the control group（t=2.047~5.021, all P<0.05）. Follow up after discharge showed that 4 cases in the study group had bleeding events, 3 cases had deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs; 7 cases in the control group had bleeding events, and 10 cases had deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs（χ²=0.706, 4.000, P=0.401, 0.046）. Conclusion The combination of Tongmai Drink and Rivaroxaban is beneficial for reducing postoperative risk in elderly patients, thereby promoting better patient outcomes.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical features and aeromedical evaluations of aircrews with hemifacial spasm（HFS）based on hospitalized cases in Air Force Medical Center and related literature in order to provide references for the treatment and aviation medical identification of HFS in pilots. Methods Using a retrospective study, the electronic case retrieval system of the Air Force Medical Center in the space of 2008-2021 and medical literature databases（from 1970 to December 2021）were searched for cases or clinical research reports of HFS in flight personnel. The general condition, data on flight, clinical manifestations, treatments, prognosis, and aviation medical identification results of the retrieved HFS patients in flight personnel were analyzed and summarized. Results Eight cases with HFS were found in this study, including 6 pilots, 1 correspondent, and 1 machinist ages 27 to 55. Three of these cases were asymptomatic and the rest were symptomatic. Three asymptomatic cases were assessed as qualified for flight by an aeromedical evaluation. One symptomatic case treated with microvascular decompression was given waiver consideration and three symptomatic cases treated with carbamazepine were given flight disqualification due to persistent symptoms. The other one experienced symptom relief without treatment and was given flying qualification. Conclusion Visual interference, eye irritation, tears, difficulties in reading and driving caused by HFS in pilots will pose a threat to flight safety. The HFS clinical scale can help to accurately evaluate the flight risk of HFS, and microvascular decompression surgery should be recommended as the optimal treatment for HFS in pilots with blood vessels accompanying facial nerves displayed on magnetic resonance imaging. Flight risks should be assessed in conjunction with the clinical symptoms, therapies and outcomes.

目的 通过收集基层卫生机构就诊数据，构建空军部队官兵疾病谱，为针对性开展卫勤保障工作提供依据。方法 收集4家基层卫生机构2020年12月1日—2021年11月30日就诊信息数据，建立抽样数据库，应用柏拉图对疾病谱数据进行分析。结果 共纳入14 735条就诊数据，就诊官兵中位年龄为25（22，31）岁，男性占比96.71%，女性占比3.29%；按季节划分，春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的占比分别为29.66%、29.19%、24.87%和16.27%；疾病谱中各系统疾病占比前3名为呼吸系统疾病（38.93%）、皮肤疾病（11.39%）和消化系统疾病（10.60%）；疾病谱单一病种病例数占比前3名的疾病分别是上呼吸道感染（27.98%）、闭合性损伤（5.73%）和关节肌肉痛（3.85%）；柏拉图统计分析结果显示，主要疾病类型为呼吸系统疾病、皮肤疾病、消化系统疾病、口腔疾病和各类创伤（77.69%），次要疾病类型为运动系统疾病（85.54%）。结论 在基层卫勤保障能力建设过程中应针对部队青壮年官兵群体疾病谱特点，将人力、物力优先配置在主要方向，不断提升基层官兵常见疾病诊治水平，使基层卫生机构卫勤保障功能更好地为战斗力服务。

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with hot compress patches and Feng's spinal manipulation treatment against lumbar disc protrusion. Methods A total of 120 patients with lower back pain admitted between May 2024 and July 2024 were selected as subjects, who were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method. Both groups（120 cases）received Feng's spinal manipulation treatment, but the control group（60 cases）was additionally given conventional hot compress treatment with the Hantongle paste patch while the treatment group（60 cases）was treated with Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with graphene hot compress patches. One course of treatment lasted 10 days, and the therapeutic effect was assessed after treatment. A handheld infrared thermometer was used to observe temperature changes before and after treatment. The Visual Analog Scale（VAS）was employed to assess pain changes before and after treatment while the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire（ODI）was used to evaluate changes of lumbar function. Results After treatment, the temperature difference in infrared thermography decreased in both groups（t=6.616, 7.227, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（F_group=4.159, P_group=0.044）. Additionally, VAS scores decreased in both groups（t=8.182, 10.056, both P<0.001）, particularly in the treatment group（F_group=11.430, P_group<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group（χ²=4.357, P=0.037）. Furthermore, ODI scores decreased in both groups after treatment（t=7.317, 9.368, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（F_group=12.152, P_group<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group（χ²=12.570, P<0.001）. Conclusion For patients with lower back pain, the combined use of Shujin Zhitong gel patches with graphene hot compress patches can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function, demonstrating good clinical efficacy.

目的 研究连续血液净化治疗中血流方向对滤器凝血的影响。方法 选择2020年5月—2024年3月山西医科大学第二医院重症医学科收治的180例急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury，AKI）患者予以连续肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement therapy，CRRT）疗法治疗，依据随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组各90例。对照组与试验组在血流方向方面的设置分别为滤器内垂直向下与滤器内垂直向上。在治疗后24 h，依据对凝血分级的评定，比对2组患者滤器凝血总发生率；观察2组患者治疗前、后的各项血液指标及跨膜压和静脉压。结果 治疗后24 h，试验组的滤器凝血发生率低于对照组（χ²=5.760，P=0.016）；治疗前，2组各项血液指标的比较结果差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05），试验组的血小板计数和D-二聚体治疗前后差值均低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（t=5.310、11.257，P均<0.001）；治疗前，2组跨膜压、静脉压差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），而在治疗后24 h，试验组的上述2项指标均低于对照组，2组治疗前后差值的差异均具有统计学意义（t=21.295、28.215，P均<0.001）。结论 血流方向在滤器内垂直向上能有效降低CRRT治疗中滤器凝血的发生率。

Objective To analyze the disqualification situation, changing trend and influencing factors of of the teenagers aviation school（TASAF）in the final stage of medical selection of PLA Air Force pilot cadets during 2018-2022, and to provide reference for improving the mechanism of selecting and preserving seedlings in TASAF. Methods Take the cross-sectional survey method, through EXCEL 2010 to establish a database, and the use SPSS 26 ayalysis the data.Summarize the disqualification data during the final stage of medical selection of the TASAF cadets in the past five years, Statistics and analysis of the overall disqualification rate, the departments-related disqualification rate, the main causes for disqualification in each department, and the disqualification rate of each selection center. Results The annual disqualification rate of the TASAF cadets fixation fluctuated up and down around the overall five-year disqualification rate of 34.52%. The disqualification rate in 2022 is 29.97%, reaching a historical low. Ophthalmology, radiology, and surgery ranking in the top three; out of the top ten causes for disqualification, 8 are ophthalmic disorders, with emphasis on the prevention and treatment of internal medicine, radiology, and otorhinolaryngology, with significant differences in the disqualification rates of the various selection centers（χ²=65.570, P=0.047）. Conclusion The quality of the enter selection of TASAF cadets and the level of maintenance during their stay at the TASAF have a significant impact on the disqualification rate.

Objective This study endeavors to undertake a comprehensive investigation into the clinical data of patients with cervical disc herniation who are receiving treatment informed by the principles of Feng's manipulation（FSM）therapy. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 21 patients diagnosed with cervical disc herniation who underwent Feng's spinal manipulation（FSM）therapy at the Air Force Medical Center from December 2021 to December 2022, 14 cases were radiculopathy type and 7 cases were myelopathy type. Outcome measures included clinical efficacy（VAS, NDI, and mJOA scores）, body posture changes（assessed using deep learning-based human key point detection technology）, joint capsule tenderness（evaluated using NRS and Wong-Baker scales）, and radiographic parameters（C₂-C₇ Cobb angle, cervical centroid line angle, CCL, lumbar lordosis, LL, thoracic kyphosis, TK, Pavlov ratio, and sagittal index, SI）. Results Compared with before treatment, both groups showed a decrease in VAS scores（P=0.001~0.017）and NDI scores（all P<0.001）at discharge and long-term follow-up, and an increase in mJOA scores（P=0.001~0.005）. The radiculopathy group demonstrated significant changes in shoulder balance angle pre- and post-treatment（F=8.589, P=0.001）. Both groups exhibited a sharp reduction in NRS and W-B scores for joint capsule tenderness after treatment of distal vertebral displacement（t=13.015~39.782, all P≤0.001）. The radiculopathy group showed increased Pavlov ratio and decreased SI after treatment（t=3.404, 4.474, P=0.005, 0.001）. Conclusion Cervical disc herniation is attributable to a comprehensive internal-external spinal imbalance. Intervention utilizing Feng's Spinal Manipulation（FSM）therapy addresses the subluxation of single or multiple vertebrae, with the ultimate goal of reinstating spinal balance and achieving clinical cure.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for death in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 positive dermatomyositis. Methods The clinical data of 67 dermatomyositis patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology between August 2017 and August 2022 was retrospectively analyzed, including 34 MDA5 positive dermatomyositis patients（positive group）and 33 MDA5 negative ones（control group）, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. According to the clinical outcomes of patients, the MDA5 positive group was again divided into a death group（8 cases）and a survival group（26 cases）before the risk factors for death were analyzed. Results Among the 67 patients with dermatomyositis, 34 were in the positive group and 33 in the control group, with an average age of 52.00（20.00, 85.00）years. Compared with the control group, the positive group was more vulnerable to arthritis（χ²=6.594, P=0.010）, characteristic rash（χ²=12.653, P<0.001）and interstitial lung disease（χ²=4.422, P=0.035）. White blood cell levels（t=3.353, P=0.001）, lymphocyte levels（t=2.970, P=0.004）, total cholesterol levels（t=2.625, P=0.011）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels（t=4.029, P<0.001）and C3 decreased（t=4.536, P=0.033）. However, the levels of alanine aminotransferase（t=2.202, P=0.028）, aspartate aminotransferase（t=2.772, P=0.006）, andγ-glutamyltransferase（t=4.304, P<0.001）, and the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation（t=5.235, P=0.022）were higher, so was IL-6（t=8.232, P=0.004）, and the differences were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lymphocytes<0.55×10⁹ /L（OR=31.403, 95% CI: 1.648~598.438）, interleukin-6>30 pg/m（OR=35.313，95% CI: 1.526~817.279）, and ferritin>1 100 μg/L（OR=24.323, 95% CI: 1.309~452.038）were risk factors for death. Conclusion MDA5 positive patients with dermatomyositis are more susceptible to arthritis, characteristic rash and interstitial lung disease, with high inflammatory markers and high mortality.

Objective To study the relationships between postural control ability and cumulative fatigue under stress and to explore rapid methods for assessing fatigue. Methods Fifteen undergraduates from Shanghai University of Science and Technology who participated in the National Undergraduate Electronics Design Competition were enrolled to evaluate their postural control capabilities under fatigue and alertness. Participants were required to complete questionnaires assessing subjective fatigue and sleep duration and undergo dynamic balance tests and static balance tests on a balance testing device under both open-eye and closed-eye conditions. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results Data from subjective questionnaires and on sleep duration revealed a continuous increase in fatigue levels among subjects throughout the competition, indicating the cumulative nature of fatigue. The results of the balance ability assessments revealed statistically significant differences in such key metrics as the spiral trajectory accuracy（Z=2.329, P=0.020）, total length of open-eye trajectory（Z=2.272, P=0.023）, total length of closed-eye trajectory（Z=2.045, P=0.041）, and closed-eye envelope area（Z=2.329, P=0.020）. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between postural control ability and fatigue. The related metrics have demonstrated their utility as effective indicators for rapid assessment of fatigue status.

Objective To unveil the patterns of change in heart rate during long-haul simulated flights, summarize how flight fatigue varies, and analyze the persistent physiological changes throughout the experiment. Methods Eight healthy males were selected and assigned to four groups to perform tasks as a captain and a co-pilot respectively. Flights were simulated using a 4-hour work and 4-hour rest mode, and the experiment lasted 48 hours. Electrocardiogram signals were recorded throughout the process and individual physiological changes were evaluated using heart rate variability（HRV）indicators. Results Both the captains and co-pilots were affected by the circadian rhythm and workload accumulation to varying degrees. The circadian rhythm resulted in regular changes during seven independent flights within 48 hours, and reached the peak by midnight. The impact of workload accumulation resulted in differences in HRV indicators between the beginning and the end of the 4-hour simulated flight. Conclusion In the shift-simulating flight, the levels of fatigue of pilots are affected by the circadian rhythm and workload accumulation. The analysis of heart rate variability can intuitively capture the changes, and effectively distinguish the fatigue status from the non-fatigue status of pilots at the beginning and the end of the simulated flight in combination with related machine learning models.

Objective To assess the potential role of routine blood, coagulation, and thyroid function indices as well as inhibin A（INH-A）levels in predicting the risk of preeclampsia（PE）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 120 pregnant women who had delivered in Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital between July 2017 and July 2019, including 60 PE patients（experimental group）and 60 healthy pregnant women（control group）. Blood routine, coagulation, thyroid function indexes, and INH-A levels in both groups were collected and analyzed. Independent samples t-test, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve analysis were applied to assess the predictive value of these indicators for PE. Results White blood cell（WBC）count and mean platelet volume（MPV）were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（t=2.982, 2.236, P=0.007, <0.001）, but prothrombin time（PT）and activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）were significantly shorter（t=0.759, 13.780, both P<0.001）. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）and INH-A in the experimental group were higher than in the control group, while the free thyroxine（FT₄）level was lower, and the differences were statistically significant（t=5.067, 8.888, 2.657, all P<0.001）. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that MPV（OR=3.574，95%CI: 1.230~10.389, P=0.019）, TSH（OR=12.731, 95%CI: 1.565~103.545, P=0.017）, and INH-A（OR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.003~1.038, P=0.024）were risk factors for PE, while APTT（OR=0.263, 95%CI: 0.109~0.634, P=0.003）was a protective factor for PE. The area under the ROC curve for MPV was 0.794, with a sensitivity of 0.650 and a specificity of 0.500 when 10.210fl was used as the cut-off value. The area under the ROC curve for APTT was 0.974, with a cut-off value of 32.185s as the cut-off value, and the sensitivity was 0.933 and the specificity was 0.883. The area under the ROC curve for TSH was 0.853, and the sensitivity was 0.900 and the specificity was 0.550 with 3.330 mIU/L as the cut-off value. The optimal cut-off value of INH-A was 758.50 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 0.733 and a specificity of 0.917. Conclusion MPV, PT, TSH, and INH-A levels are closely associated with the development of PE and can be used as early predictive biomarkers for PE. This study provides biological data for clinical prediction and intervention of PE.

前交叉韧带损伤是最常见的运动损伤之一，前交叉韧带重建是其主要的治疗方式。但在术后早期患者因关节肿胀、渗出、疼痛等因素影响，常出现不同程度的本体感觉减退、关节活动受限等情况，大部分患者在术后2年甚至更久的时间内都存在膝关节周围肌力下降、膝关节不稳等功能障碍，这对患者的生活质量有很大影响。运动控制训练是神经肌肉训练的方法之一，在促进下肢功能恢复中取得了很好的成效，能够增强膝关节的动态稳定性，提高机体整体的控制能力，预防前交叉韧带再损伤的发生。笔者从运动控制训练的临床作用、作用机制、临床方案和影响因素等方面对运动控制训练在前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的应用进行综述。

目的 探讨积极心理学干预联合芳香疗法对住院空勤人员心理弹性和睡眠质量的影响。方法 选取2018年1月—2023年1月在空军第九八六医院住院的200例空勤人员，按照住院ID单双号分为对照组与观察组，各100例，对照组实施常规心理干预，观察组实施积极心理学干预联合芳香疗法，对比2组干预前后心理弹性评分情况、睡眠质量评分情况、心理健康情况、主观幸福感和职业认同感评分情况。结果 与干预前比较，干预后2组心理弹性评分均升高（t_对照组=5.100、8.529、17.707，t_观察组=12.600、19.090、34.506，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，干预后观察组评分高于对照组（t=7.410、11.073、16.969，P均<0.001）；与干预前比较，干预后2组睡眠质量评分均下降（t_对照组=11.500~37.385，t_观察组=20.224~52.571，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，可知干预后观察组评分低于对照组（t=10.435~26.212，P均<0.001）；与干预前比较，干预后2组心理健康状况评分中负性情绪下降，正性情绪可见提升（t_对照组=7.641、4.571，t_观察组=19.314、12.786，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，干预后观察组负性情绪评分低于对照组，正性情绪评分高于对照组（t=12.960、7.569，P均<0.001）；与干预前比较，干预后2组主观幸福感及职业认同感评分均可见提升（t_对照组=3.801、10.613，t_观察组=10.809、22.320，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，干预后观察组评分高于对照组（t=6.561、10.613，P均<0.001）。结论 对住院空勤人员开展积极心理学干预联合芳香疗法不仅有助于提高其心理弹性，改善其心理健康状况和睡眠质量，还可提升其主观幸福感和职业认同感。

Objective To investigate hospitalizations and influencing factors among military flying personnel within one year. Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 056 flying personnel from Air Force stations or aviation units as the subjects. Data on their overall health, hospitalization within one year, and health behavior was collected for statistical analysis. Results A total of 964 valid questionnaires were collected during this survey. There were 138 hospitalizations within one year, accounting for 14.32%. There were significant differences in rates of hospitalization between flying personnel of different ages（χ²=15.74, P<0.001）, lengths of service（χ²=7.73, P=0.021）, levels of education（χ²=6.29, P=0.012）, types of aircraft（χ²=23.42, P<0.001）, aircraft models（χ²=17.33, P<0.001）, marital status（χ²=7.71, P=0.006）, daily flight frequency（χ²=6.84, P=0.009）, and cumulative flying hours（χ²=11.23, P=0.004）within one year. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with hospitalization within one year were age（OR=1.968, 95%CI: 1.375~2.817）, medications（OR=5.613, 95%CI: 2.454~12.834）, health concerns（OR=3.225, 95%CI: 1.497~6.948）and depression（OR=1.775, 95%CI: 1.062~2.967）. The protective factors included aircraft types（OR=0.440, 95%CI: 0.311~0.622）, only child（OR=0.532, 95%CI: 0.324~0.871）, daily flight frequency of flight missions（OR=0.472, 95%CI: 0.285~0.784）, rational diets（OR=0.585, 95%CI: 0.347~0.988）and job satisfaction（OR=0.497, 95%CI: 0.268~0.923）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted on the risk factors for musculoskeletal system diseases among hospitalized pilots within one year. The results showed that the risk factors for musculoskeletal system diseases within one year were overweight/obesity（OR=2.790, 95%CI: 1.296~6.004）and medication use（OR=4.112, 95%CI: 1.487~11.373）; The protective factor is life satisfaction（OR=0.397, 95%CI: 0.176~0.894）. Conclusion There are many factors that influence hospitalizations among flying personnel. In training and daily health care, proper training, regular work and rest, and psychological counseling are critical to the physical and mental health of military flying personnel.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of microvascular flow（MV-Flow）imaging in evaluating low-grade inflammation of facet joints. Methods A total of 28 patients with joint pain underwent ultrasound examination, during which the blood flow in the thickened synovia was assessed using both MV-Flow imaging technology and color Doppler flow imaging（CDFI）technology. Semi-quantitative scoring was performed for blood flow signals. Differences between MV-Flow and CDFI in displaying blood flow and in vascular grading were studied. Results In a cohort of 28 patients, a total of 79 joints met the established criteria for inclusion. The detection rates for blood flow signals using MV-Flow and CDFI were determined to be 88.6% and 53.2%, respectively. MV-Flow imaging exhibited superiority in detecting synovial blood flow within the joints over CDFI, with statistically significant difference（χ²=31.030，P<0.001）. Furthermore, there was no consistency in grading outcomes of synovial blood flow between MV-Flow and CDFI（Kappa=0.052, P>0.05）. Conclusion The MV-Flow imaging technique can more sensitively reflect the microvascular distribution and blood flow grading of facet joints, so it can become an effective means for evaluating small joint arthritis.

Objective To analyze the relationships between sleep quality, mental state and quality of life of civil aviation aircrews in order to provide a reference for preventing these conditions. Methods The convenient sampling method, a general questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）, Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS）, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）, and a 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Scale（SF-12）were used to survey 395 aircrews of an airline, assess their sleep quality, and analyze the causes of sleep disorders and the correlations between sleep quality and depression, anxiety and quality of life. Results The incidence of sleep disorders in these aircrews was 28.6%, and flying over more than 4 time zones for more than 3 times in one month was a risk factor for sleep disorders（OR=2.790, 95%CI: 1.266~6.147, P=0.011）. Among these aircrews, 28.9% suffered from depression（114/395）and 7.8% anxiety（31/395）. Depression and anxiety were more common among aircrews with sleep disorders than among those with normal sleep（t=7.102, 5.044, both P<0.001）. The scores of sleep quality of aircrews were positively correlated with the scores of depression and anxiety（r=0.304, 0.216, both P<0.001）. The scores of general health, role-physical scores, role-emotional scores and those of bodily pain, mental health, vitality and social function of the aircrew with normal sleep were higher than those of the sleep disorder group（t=4.111-8.323, all P<0.001）. Conclusion The body height is a factor leading to sleep disorders in aircrews, and flying over more than 4 time zones three times or more in a month is a risk factor for sleep disorders. Sleep quality, depression and anxiety of aircrews are mutually causal and complicated in their correlations. Airlines should attach importance to sleep and mental health management of aircrews who are different in heights, fly across time zones and remain physically inactive.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and evolution of the disease spectrum of urology among hospitalized flight crews at the Air Force Medical Center between January of 2002 and December of 2021 in order to provide data for aviation health protection. Methods The clinical data of flight crew members admitted to the Department of Urology between 2002 and 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 273 aircrews with genitourinary system diseases, all of whom were males. The diseases with high incidence rates were renal calculi, ureteral calculi, renal cell carcinoma, prostatitis, renal cyst and varicocele. The proportions of renal calculi and adrenal adenoma in 2012－2021 were higher than in 2002－2011, and the difference was of statistical significance（χ²=10.030, 4.888, P=0.002, 0.027）. The proportions of renal cell carcinoma, prostatitis and idiopathic hematuria in 2002－2011 were higher than in 2012－2021, with statistical significance（χ²=4.253, 12.586, 10.786, P=0.039, <0.001, =0.001）. The difference in composition ratios of genitourinary diseases between kidney stones, ureteral stones, renal cell carcinoma and renal cyst was statistically significant across age groups（χ²=15.488, 6.978, 15.893, 13.627, P<0.001, =0.031, 0.039, 0.001）. Conclusion Urolithiasis, renal cell carcinoma and prostatitis are common genitourinary diseases that affect the health and safety of aircrews, which deserves more attention.

Objective To analyze the data on the video head impulse test（vHIT）in patients diagnosed with bilateral vestibular weakness（BVW）via the caloric test in order to explore the alternative role of vHIT in diagnosis of BVW. Methods Data on vestibular examination of 106 vertigo patients was retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into the BVW group and normal vestibular function group（control group）according to the caloric test results. Results of vHIT were compared between the two groups. Results Once either unilateral or bilateral anomalies in the horizontal semicircular canals were deemed positive in a vHIT, statistically significant differences could be observed between vHIT and the caloric test for detecting BVW（P=0.002）. Furthermore, when only bilateral anomalies in the horizontal semicircular canals were considered positive, but negative in normal canals, vHIT still remained significantly different from the caloric test in identifying BVW（P=0.019）. The area under the ROC curve for saccade frequency was 0.748, the sensitivity 60.3% and specificity 87.3%. As for the semicircular canal gain loss, the area under curve was 0.841, sensitivity 87.2% and specificity 76.1%, compared with 0.706, 87.2% and 43.3% for asymmetrical gain. Conclusion vHIT should be prioritized as an initial screening tool for diagnosing BVW. When vHIT results show no abnormalities, a caloric test should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis, thereby ensuring that no potential BVW cases are missed.

Objective To analyze the difference in cognition between male candidates and female ones among prospective air combat personnel and air technical personnel who work as ground crews now. Methods The cognition of 144 male and 31 female ground crews who came to the Air force Medical Center for physical examination intended for selection of air combat personnel and air technical personnel was tested using the psychological selection system for early warning aircraft operators（including the image identification reaction test, image identification delayed reaction test, target tracking test, oral signal reaction test, comprehensive coping ability test and 16 PF test）before being compared between the two groups. Results The qualification rate of the male group in psychological selection was 92.4%, compared with 87.1% in the female group. No significant difference was found between the two groups（χ²=0.902, P=0.342）. The standard scores of the oral signal reaction test, comprehensive coping ability test, and 16 PF test as well as those of constants, sensitivity, development and emotional peace of 16 PF of the male group were significantly higher than those of the female group（t=2.067~5.617, P<0.001）. The standard scores of image identification reaction test and image identification delayed reaction test as well as the total score of male candidates were a little better than those of female ones. The standard score of the target tracking test was a little lower in the male group than in the female one. Conclusions There are differences in psychological cognition and personality among selection examination for air combat personnel and air technical personnel of different genders, and the allocation of positions should be tailored to the material.

Objective To standardize the storage of traditional Chinese medicines to ensure the quality and safety of drugs. Methods The specifications about storage in the instructions of 291 types of proprietary Chinese medicines in the drug catalog of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Medical University were statistically analyzed before the results of observation were evaluated. Results According to the functional classification by the National Basic Medical Insurance, Industrial Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue（2023）, the 291 drugs were divided into 31 categories, among which 49 were immunity-boosting agents, accounting for 16.84%, 42 were heat-clearing agents, accounting for 14.43%, and 37 were blood-stasis removing agents, accounting for 12.71%. The required temperature was not specified in the instructions of 215 of these drugs, accounting for the largest proportion（73.88%）, and the instructions of 67 drugs specified that the storage temperature was up to 20 ℃ or in cool place, accounting for 23.02%. In the instructions of 259 drugs, sealing was required for storage, accounting for the largest proportion（89.00%）. Capsules made up the majority of these drugs, accounting for 33.59%, followed by granules and pills, accounting for 16.22%. The technical terms related to light storage of drugs were shading and avoiding light. In most of these drug instructions（279）, lighting conditions were not mentioned, accounting for 95.88%. There were 68 storage items that specified requirements for humidity, accounting for 23.37%, while 76.63% did not. Conclusion It is critical to ensure the correct storage conditions of drugs and standardize the descriptions of storage terms in drug instructions, such as temperature and humidity.