objective To analyze the data on medical examinations ofaircrews long-stationed at high altitudes to explore the disease spectrum and to study the specific effects of high-altitude environments on human physiological function in order to provide data for related health care support. Methods A respective analysis was conducted of the health checkup data of aircrews who had worked for at least two consecutive years at altitudes above 3 000 meters. According to the time they underwent the physical examinations, they were divided into three groups: the period on the plains, a stay of one year on the plateau and a stay of two years on the plateau. Results A total of 113 flight crew members were included. The top five diseases in the period on the plains were hyperlipidemia（22%, 25/113）, thyroid diseases（19%, 21/113）, liver diseases（16%, 18/113）, hyperuricemia（15%, 17/113）, and lumbar spine diseases（15%, 17/113）. During their first year on the plateau, the top five were hyperuricemia（31%, 35/113）, thyroid diseases（28%, 32/113）, hyperlipidemia（22%, 25/113）, liver diseases（20%, 23/113）, and lumbar spine diseases（19%, 22/113）. By the second year on the plateau, the top five were hyperuricemia（38%, 43/113）, thyroid diseases（36%, 41/113）,cardiac diseases（32%, 36 /113）, liver diseases（27%, 30/113）, and hyperlipidemia（26%, 29/113）. The top three fastest- increasing diseases were the cardiac diseases, hyperuricemia, and thyroid diseases. Conclusion This study has shed light on the characteristics of common diseases among aircrews long-stationed on the plateau during different periods, elaborated on the impacts of long-term exposure to the plateau environment on their physiological status, and has great implications for the physical health of plateau aircrews and for the safety of aviation.

Objective To analyze the ultrasound detection rates and characteristics of thyroid nodules during the medical selection of pilots in order to provide data for revising the thyroid ultrasound standards for recruitment. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of results of thyroid ultrasound examination obtained from 8,893 male applicants ages 16 to 20 during the final medical selection for pilot recruitment, and from 3,313 male patients ages 11-80 examined at the Air Force Medical Center between December 2023 and May 2024. The analysis involved the number and location of thyroid nodules, the maximum nodule diameter, the sum of maximum diameters, and nodule classification. Thyroid ultrasound findings from applicants were compared with those from outpatients in the same age group. Additionally, thyroid ultrasound results were compared between outpatients of different ages, and the correlation between the average maximum nodule diameter and age was analyzed. Results Among the applicants, thyroid nodules were detected in 180 cases. The cumulative detection rate for subjects with ≤2 thyroid nodules（inciuding no nodules）was 99.88%, 99.82% for nodules with a maximum diameter ≤1.50 cm（inciuding no nodules）, and 99.82% for the sum of maximum diameters ≤2.00 cm（inciuding no nodules）. No statistically significant difference was observed between the latter two rates（χ²=5.512, P=0.357）. A negative correlation was observed between the maximum nodule diameter and the independent detection rate（r_s=-0.996, P<0.001）. The detection rate of TR3 category nodules was higher than that of TR2 and TR4 category nodules. No statistically significant differences were observed in detection rates of thyroid nodules or in the composition ratio of nodule numbers between applicants and outpatients of the same age group（all P>0.05）. Among outpatients with thyroid nodules, the proportion of multiple nodules was observed to gradually increase with age（linear trend χ²=149.091, P<0.001）, and a positive correlation was identified between the average maximum nodule diameter and age（r_s=0.158, P<0.001）. Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System（C-TIRADS）categories among thyroid nodule patients across age groups（P<0.001）, with the proportion of TR3 category nodules being higher than that of TR4 and ≥TR5 category nodules in each age group. Conclusion It is recommended that the qualification standard for thyroid examination during medical selection of pilots require bilateral thyroid nodules ≤2 in number, maximum nodule diameter ≤1.5 cm, or the sum of maximum nodule diameters ≤2.0 cm, concurrently with a C-TIRADS classification of TR3 or lower.

Objective To analyze the reasons for surgical disqualification of candidates from five southern provinces during the secondary medical selection of Air Force flying cadets, and to explore the corresponding healthcare countermeasures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the surgical examination results of candidates from five southern provinces who participated in the secondary medical selection of Air Force flying cadets between 2020 and 2024. The causes of surgical disqualification were statistically analyzed. Results Over the past 5 years, the percentage of surgically disqualified candidates during the secondary medical selection was 7.53%. The top 10 reasons included insufficient upper limb length（18.49%）, surgical history（13.75%）, insufficient height（9.17%）, bone and joint injuries（8.67%）, abnormal limb morphology（6.06%）, skin scars（6.06%）, spinal deformities（4.26%）, pigmented nevi（3.44%）, pelvic tilt（2.95%）, and overweight（1.97%）. Among them, there were statistically significant differences in the rates of disqualification due to insufficient upper limb length, surgical history, insufficient height, bone and joint injuries, and skin scars in the past 5 years（χ²=73.949, 18.803, 9.544, 9.655, 14.789, P<0.001, <0.001, =0.049, 0.047, 0.005）, excluding abnormal limb morphology, spinal deformities, pigmented nevi, pelvic tilt, and overweight（all P>0.05）. Conclusion Insufficient upper limb length, surgical history, insufficient height, bone and joint injuries, and skin scars are the major reasons for surgical disqualification during the secondary medical selection of Air Force flying cadets. Early prevention and health care can increase the number of surgically qualified candidates and improve the quality and efficiency of medical selection.

通过分析飞行人员战前应急接种面临的问题，论证飞行人员免疫规划方案，通过定期监测保护性抗体滴度，实施个性化接种，以期在飞行人员群体中建立传染病常态免疫屏障，使飞行人员保持对常见传染病的免疫力，并进一步论证提出我军需要重点研发的疫苗种类，为相关研究的开展提供基础。

以空运医疗队融合式保障模式工作流程为基础，笔者设计开发了空运医疗队融合式保障信息平台。该平台采用C/S架构模式，依托Oracle数据库与PowerBuilder 9.0开发工具搭建，包含任务管理、编组管理、人员管理、物资管理、伤病员管理、野战病历管理和空运后送管理7个模块，解决了以往人员、物资和伤病员信息分散管理的难题，可切实提升空运医疗队实战化卫勤保障能力。平台可实现参训单位间人员、物资和装备信息的集中管控与资源互补，加速伤病员信息快速流转，有效整合空运医疗队和配属单位的人员物资等资源。通过各模块协同发力，全面提升医疗队救治效率、战场勤务处置能力，充分发挥融合式保障的优势，提升卫勤保障整体水平和保障效能。

空运医疗飞机紧急救命手术单元主要用于中、重症伤病员空运后送途中紧急救命手术、生命支持及飞机着陆后地面伤病员早期治疗。笔者团队通过开展某型空运医疗飞机在紧急救命手术单元动物模型操作流程演练，模拟空运后送过程中伤病员医疗紧急救治，系统检验紧急救命手术单元设备适航性、操作便捷性与流程合理性，重点验证气道建立、血管通路及心肺复苏等关键技术的时效性与安全性，并对舱内布局、氧源配置、人员站位及故障应急处置进行评估，为批量危重伤员远距空运后送提供可参考和推广的循证方案与改进依据。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a physical training program s for pilots in high - altitude, low-oxygen environments. Methods A randomized controlled trial design was adopted that divided 20 pilots into a physical training group（n=10）and a non-physical training group（n=10）. The training regimen for the physical training group focused on strength training for lower limbs, abdomens, chests, and back muscle groups, supplemented by aerobic endurance training. The non-training group received related health education only without physical training. After a 4-week intervention for each group, the training effects were compared and analyzed. Results Pre-training measurements showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the limb circumference, body composition, upper/lower limb strength, abdominal/back muscle endurance, lower limb explosive power, or aerobic capacity（all P>0.05）. Post-intervention, the body fat percentage was lower in the physical training group than in the non-physical training group（t=2.148, P=0.046）while the values of bench press 1-RM（t=2.153, P=0.045）, squat 1-RM（t=2.482, P=0.023）, abdominal endurance（t=2.917, P=0.011）, and maximal oxygen uptake（VO_2max）（t=2.158, P=0.045）were significantly higher. Following training, the left upper limb circumference increased（t=2.880, P=0.018）while the lower limb circumference decreased（t=3.550, P=0.007）, along with a decrease in the body fat percentage（t=3.398, P=0.008）in the physical fitness training group. Muscle mass（t=2.803, P=0.021）, abdominal endurance（t=2.956, P=0.012）, back muscle endurance（t=2.921, P=0.013）, and VO_2max（t=5.350, P<0.001）were all increased after training. In the non-physical training group, the left upper limb circumference（t=2.480, P=0.035） and lower limb circumference（t=4.151, P=0.002）decreased while the body fat percentage increased compared with pre-training levels（t=5.201, P<0.001）. Additionally, their bench press 1-RM（t=5.198, P<0.001）, squat 1-RM（t=5.302, P<0.001）, abdominal endurance（t=5.250, P<0.001）, and back muscle endurance（t=5.280, P<0.001）were all lower. Conclusion Physical training in high-altitude environments can effectively improve pilots' body composition and athletic performance. However, more optimization of training protocols is needed to enhance explosive power.

直升机航空医疗救援作为一种现代化急救手段，具有响应速度快、救援范围广和救治效率高等特点，是地面急救网络的有效补充，为应急救援实施提供更高效的响应平台。在各种场景下的紧急救援中，直升机航空医疗救援可起到早期治疗与快速后送的作用，尤其在战时可承担前沿伤病员的现场急救和后送途中急救监护的任务，是快速有效处理突发事件的最佳途径和手段。笔者对直升机医学救援的优势进行总结，并结合空军直升机医学救援培训现状，提出思考与建议。

Objective To review the clinical characteristics and results of aeromedical assessment of aircrews with essential tremor（ET）in order to provide references for related assessments. Methods Cases of ET among aircrews and clinical reports were retrieved from the electronic case system in our center and from related databases. The conditions, clinical manifestations, treatment regimens, prognosis and aeromedical assessment of these aircrews were summarized. Results Seven male cases were enrolled in this study, who ranged from 27 to 43 in age. Among these patients, there were 3 helicopter pilots, 2 instructor pilots, 1 weapons controller, and 1 fighter pilot. In terms of clinical tremor grading, 2 patients were rated as level 2, 3 as level 1, 1 as level 3, and 1 case had an unknown grading（not recorded in the literature）. The three pilots graded as level 1（two helicopter pilots and one instructor pilot）were not treated and given special flight permit after aeromedical assessment. One military weapon controller and one helicopter pilot, both graded as level 2, were treated（with gabapentin and arotinolol respectively）before being given special flight permit. One pilot graded as level 3 was considered disqualified for flying, while the one case who could not be graded in literature was approved to be qualified for flying double-seat aircraft. The follow-up for the six hospitalized aircrews ranged from 5 to 31 months. There were no changes in clinical grading, no drug intolerance, and they were healthy enough for flying. Conclusion Limb tremor associated with ET in aircrews can impact flight safety and requires accurate assessment based on clinical grading. Aircrews with tremor grades 1 and 2 may be granted special flight permit. It is recommended that aircrews given special flight permit return to the hospital for annual re-assessment.

试飞员是新型战斗机研制过程中的重要军事力量，是高性能战机研发的“助推剂”，对促进军队战斗力生成和航空事业发展起关键作用。近年来我国航空事业的蓬勃发展，试飞任务对试飞员生理、生理素质的要求也逐步提高。因此，探索适应新阶段的试飞航卫保障理论和方法是研究的重点。笔者深入基层试飞部队调研，探索我国试飞部队成立以来卫勤保障工作的特点和现状问题。本研究提出基于“人-机-任务-环境”协调的理念，指明试飞部队航卫保障未来发展的趋势，为空军特殊飞行人员的健康管理维护工作的研究提供新方向和突破点，以期为试飞员的健康管理工作提供参考，将有助于推进空军卫勤保障力量的提升和跨越式发展。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms（CPLS）and associated psychosocial risk factors among unmarried males in plateau regions in order to provide evidence for the prevention and management of type III prostatitis（chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, CP/CPPS）. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1 024 unmarried males were enrolled from the Ngari Prefecture, Tibet（average altitude: 4 200 m）. Data was collected using the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index（NIH-CPSI）to determine the incidence of CPLS and analyze the risk factors. Results Among the 1 024 men surveyed, the incidence of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms（CPLS）was 11.43%（117/1 024）. The total scores of NIH-CPSI, pain symptom scores, urinary domain scores, and quality of life scores in the CPLS group were significantly higher than in the non-CPLS group,（Z=－17.842, －27.892, －18.268, －13.521, all P<0.001）. Significant differences were observed between the CPLS and non-CPLS groups in terms of frequent urine holding, daily sedentary durations, sleep durations, and frequency of masturbation（χ²=12.828, 6.566, 12.969, 59.892, P<0.001, =0.010, <0.001, <0.001）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following as independent risk factors for CPLS: social factors including frequent urine holding（OR=3.055, 95%CI: 1.405-6.640）, sleep durations ≤6 hours/day（OR=2.017, 95%CI: 1.305-3.116）, and frequency of masturbation ≥4 times/week（OR=10.117, 95%CI: 4.508-22.709）and psychological factors including anxiety（OR=2.083, 95%CI: 1.311-3.309）, emotional instability（OR=2.795, 95%CI: 1.809-4.319）, and poor interpersonal relationships（OR=5.118, 95%CI: 3.143-8.335）. Conclusion The incidence of CPLS is high among unmarried males in plateau regions. The risk factors include frequent holding of urine, long sleep durations, high frequency of masturbation, anxiety, unstable emotions, and poor interpersonal relationships. It is recommended that CPLS related health knowledge be made more accessible in plateau regions and desirable habits be encouraged. At the same time, patients' conditions should be assessed during the treatment of CPLS to keep patients away from adverse influences.

Objective To improve the ability of high-altitude medical support by investigating the distribution of diseases among troops undergoing one-year training in border areas above 3 000 meters, and analyzing the epidemiology. Methods The medical records of military inpatients and outpatients admitted to the People' Hospital of Caya County, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region were collected. Those who had undertaken one-year training tasks were screened out by task before being classified into the acclimatized group and the newly-arrived group according to the time they entered the plateau. The diseases detected were categorized using the International Classification of Diseases method（ICD-11）, and the distribution of the diseases was analyzed. Results The medical records of these training troops fell into 15 types of diseases involving 5 264 visits. The top five categories were diseases linked to the respiratory system（2 107 visits, 40.03%）, digestive system（1 065 visits, 20.23%）, skin and subcutaneous tissue（937 visits, 17.80%）, nervous system（259 visits, 4.92%）, and musculoskeletal and connective tissue（218 visits, 4.14%）. There was statistically significant difference in the ratio of disease composition between the acclimatized group and the newly arrived group（χ²=926.483, P=0.001）. The proportion of visits for diseases related to the respiratory system, skin/subcutaneous tissue and circulatory system was higher in the newly arrived group than in the acclimatized group（χ²=97.758, 23.427, 5.426, P<0.001, <0.001, =0.020）, while that of visits for diseases associated with the digestive system, musculoskeletal system/connective tissue, injuries/ poisoning/external trauma, endocrine/nutrition/metabolism, blood and hematopoietic systems was lower（χ²=4.736-374.007, all P<0.05）. The number of visits to doctors was the largest in winter（1 878 visits, 35.68%）, followed by autumn（1 589 visits, 30.19%）and spring（1 026 visits, 19.49%）, and the lowest in summer（771 visits, 14.65%）. There were seasonal differences in the frequency of visits between the acclimatized group and the newly arrived group（χ²=418.196, P<0.001）. The number of visits in the newly arrived group was larger than in the acclimatized group in summer and autumn（χ²=161.138, 86.071, both P<0.001）, but lower in spring and winter（χ²=253.167, 26.035, both P<0.001）. Conclusion High altitude diseases have seasonal and regional characteristics. Individualized and precise plans for prevention and treatment should be mapped out based on the tasks of training troops, which is of great significance for improving the ability of high-altitude medical support.

Ophthalmology involves so many items during medical selection of Air Force flying cadets, with a high rate of elimination and challenging borderline cases. Based on a review of results of ophthalmic examinations conducted during medical selection of flying cadets, we analyzed the related items that led to elimination and future developments in hopes of providing guidance and reference for the examiners so as to improve the accuracy and rationality of medical selection of Air Force flying cadets. This study is expected to help ensure that selected cadets enjoy exceptional visual health and are able to meet future challenges.

笔者通过介绍某医院在大项演训活动中，执行运输机前接批量伤员空运医疗后送任务概况和特点，梳理空运医疗后送在卫勤保障领域的发展脉络，指出运输机空运医疗后送存在标准体系不健全、空地信息协同链路不畅通和航空医学特殊风险难预判等问题，总结提出构建全要素标准化能力体系，夯实任务执行规范基础；深化航空医学技术攻关，建立全周期风险管控机制；突破机载卫生装备技术瓶颈，打造智能调控模块化救治平台；探索医疗信息整合联动机制，促建空运医疗后送态势感知新链路等应对策略，以期为现代战争条件下运输机空运医疗后送批量伤员建设提供实践参考。

目的 针对救护直升机海上批量伤员空运后送过程中，卧位伤员登、离机这一关键环节，通过实装模拟训练，确定最优登、离机方案。方法 按某型救护直升机勤务使命布置卧位伤员担架，用沙袋来模拟伤员，将18名担架员按随机数字表法分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，每组6名，分别执行卧位伤员登、离机方案1、2、3，每个方案分2个步骤进行，综合评估试验结果。结果 方案3耗时最长，方案1、2耗时接近，但从安全性考虑，方案1为最优方案。结论 某型救护直升机的最优登、离机顺序为：从机舱尾部舱门进出，登机时采用从前向后、先左后右、先上后下的顺序，离机时采用先右后左、先下后上、从后向前的顺序。

飞行员心理应激干预是航卫心理保障工作中的重要组成部分，战训模式改变对航卫心理保障工作提出了新要求。笔者从基层航卫保障心理工作者的角度，就目前飞行员心理应激干预的现状进行分析，梳理航卫心理应激干预对策，并对未来战训模式下如何提升飞行员应对心理应激的能力进行思考，以期为我军航卫心理保障工作提供启示。

Objective To analyze the low-dose chest CT examination results of fighter pilots and provide data for related aeromedical assessments. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the results of low-dose chest CT scan and of the data on aeromedical assessments of fighter pilots who underwent health checkups between April 2023 and December 2024 at the 983rd Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force. These pilots were divided into a group ages 20 to 29, a group ages 30 to 39 and a third group ages 40-49. The differences in examination results between different age groups were analyzed before critical considerations were identified for aeromedical assessments. Results The results of low dose chest CT screening of 385 fighter pilots revealed no obvious abnormalities in 294 cases（76.36%）, pulmonary nodules in 50 cases（12.99%）, pulmonary bullae in 34 cases（8.83%）, tracheal diverticula in 9 cases（2.34%）, mediastinal nodule in 5 cases（1.30%）, and esophageal dilatation with food retention in 2 cases（0.52%）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of no obvious abnormalities, pulmonary nodules, and pulmonary bullae between these age groups（χ²=14.674, 9.193, 7.868, P<0.001, =0.010, =0.020）. Fewer significant abnormalities were observed in the 30-39-year-old group than in the 40-49-year-old group（P<0.05）. More pulmonary nodules and pulmonary bullae were detected in the group ages 40 to 49 than in the other two age groups（all P<0.05）. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of tracheal diverticulum, esophageal dilation or mediastinal nodules between these groups（all P>0.05）. Three cases were temporarily grounded due to pulmonary nodules, and another 4 cases due to pulmonary bullae, accounting for 7.69%（7/91）of the abnormal results. Conclusion The application of low dose chest CT examination in health checkups of fighter pilots can help detect chest diseases early, treat them quickly, and draw more convincing conclusions about aeromedical assessments.

Objective To investigate and assess the incidence of craniocerebral diseases in military flight personnel and their impact on flight safety, and to explore the implications of the results of cranial magnetic resonance examination for aeromedical assessment. Methods The data on head magnetic resonance examinations of 196 military flight personnel was collected, and the results of aeromedical assessment were analyzed. Results Among the 196 cases, there were 114 cases with no obvious abnormality（58.16%）and 82 cases with abnormal imaging, including 33 cases with leukodystrophy（40.24%）. Cerebral arteriosclerosis occurred in 8 cases（9.76%）, intracranial cysts in 8 cases（9.76%）, vacuolar sella in 8 cases（9.76%）, lacunar cerebral infarction in 7 cases（8.53%）, ischemic lesions in 7 cases（8.53%）, cavernous hemangioma occurred in 2 cases（2.44%）, vascular malformation in 2 cases（2.44%）, intracranial tumor（schwannoma）in 1 case（1.22%）, and cerebellar calcification in 1 case（1.22%）, all the above-mentioned cases were determined as qualified for flight. Aneurysms occurred in 4 cases（4.88%）, 3 of whom were considered qualified for flight, and 1 case（1.22%）reached the age limit of service during observation and was grounded. Conclusion Head magnetic resonance screening during physical examinations of flight personnel can help detect brain diseases quickly that may make a difference in flight safety. This study is expected to provide data for developing and improving standards for aeromedical assessment.

日益复杂的作战环境和任务要求让飞行人员承受着更大的身心压力，心理应激已成为影响飞行安全和任务执行的重要因素。每个应激源都会引发不同的身心反应，飞行人员个体的特殊性决定了应激外在表现形式、持续时间和强度方面的不同，因此针对性的干预措施非常重要。笔者梳理总结了飞行人员心理应激的影响因素、心理干预的介入时机和干预措施，并对未来的研究方向提出建议。

Objective To investigate the incidence of asthenopia among operators of medium and large-sized unmanned aerial vehicles（UAVs）in the Air Force and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out. The Asthenopia Survey Scale（ASS）were used to survey 78 operators of medium and large-sized UAVs from the Air Force Units stationed in plateau areas in 2024. Based on the ASS scores, the subjects were divided into 2 groups: the asthenopia group（total score ≥15 points）and the non-asthenopia group（total score <15 points）. The occurrence of asthenopia was analyzed, and univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to identify the influencing factors of asthenopia. Results A total of 76 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the subjects, 22 operators had asthenopia（total score ≥15 points）, resulting in an asthenopia incidence rate of 28.95%. Among all items in the scale, 8 items had a detection rate of ≥80%, which were as follows: Item A: "Do you have symptoms of asthenopia"（90.90%）; Item B: "Does asthenopia affect your study, work, or life"（81.82%）; Item 1: "Do you feel discomfort around the eyes"（95.45%）; Item 2: "Do you have dry eyes"（95.45%）; Item 3: "Do you have eye pain such as stabbing pain or distending pain"（86.36%）; Item 5: "Do you have sore eyes"（86.36%）; Item 6: "Do you feel tightness in the eyes"（81.82%）; Item 8: "When using electronic devices such as mobile phones or computers, does the screen brightness cause eye discomfort"（81.82%）. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that two factors were identified as risk factors for asthenopia: "Dry eyes"（OR=6.101, 95%CI: 1.549-24.031）; "Reduced reading speed due to eye symptoms"（OR=12.741, 95%CI: 1.990-81.569）. Conclusion Asthenopia symptoms are relatively prevalent among medium and large-sized UAV operators in the Air Force, primarily manifested as dry eyes and reduced reading speed due to eye symptoms. Dry eyes are the lead contributing factor to asthenopia.

自噬是亚细胞膜结构发生动态变化，经溶酶体介导后对细胞内蛋白质和细胞器降解的过程，是一种调节细胞稳态的机制，其功能异常常与多种重大疾病的发生发展密切相关。本研究综述了基于动物模型开展自噬调控的研究，重点探讨其在肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病和骨骼疾病中的作用机制及干预进展，以期为后续临床研究和疾病防治提供新思路和潜在靶点。

Objective To explore the effects of sleep deprivation on functional brain connectivity in simulated extended-duration flights using a graph-theoretic approach in order to provide data for formulating precautions and ensuring flight safety. Methods Forty-four young and middle-aged subjects were enrolled in this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance（rs-fMRI）examinations were performed before and after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. Time series and functional connectivity matrices were extracted from rs-fMRI and visualized via graph theory metrics and computation of brain network metrics. The degrees, local efficiencies, clustering coefficients, and bridging connections in each brain region were computed while the global network characteristics of each subject were compared before and after sleep deprivation to assess its effects on functional brain connectivity. Results After sleep deprivation, the local efficiency in the right middle frontal gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus increased（Z/t=2.026, 3.532, P_FDR=0.049, <0.001）, so did clustering coefficients（t=2.377, 3.146, P_FDR=0.022, 0.003）. The degree of the right middle occipital gyrus was also elevated（t=2.096, P_FDR=0.042）. In contrast, the degrees of the left superior temporal gyrus, right Heschl's gyrus, and left insula as well as the local efficiency of the right Heschl's gyrus decreased（Z/t=－2.026, 2.177, 2.959, 2.177, P_FDR=0.049, 0.035, 0.005, 0.033）. In addition, both average local efficiency and bridging connections increased（t=2.090, 2.310, P_FDR=0.042, 0.025）. Conclusion Sleep deprivation impacts the cognitive function of subjects in a simulated extended-duration flight, particularly in terms of attention and delayed memory. The brain may make adaptive responses to sleep deprivation at the local network level, but the global network efficiency may decline.

Objective To investigate the impact of varying ambient light intensity and display brightness on pilots' visual behavior using eye-tracking technology. Methods Nineteen military pilots were selected as the subjects between July 2024 and December 2024. Under three levels of ambient light intensity（dim light, medium-intensity light, and strong light）, the subjects adjusted the display brightness to the three levels（minimum, moderate, and maximum）. Data on their pupil diameter, saccade duration, blink duration, and gaze trajectory was collected by eye-tracking system. Results In the dim light environment, the pupil diameter was larger when the display brightness was at the minimum level compared to the moderate and maximum levels（P=0.010, <0.001）, and it was also larger at the moderate level than at the maximum level（P<0.001）. Under any of the display brightness levels, the pupil diameter in the dim light environment was significantly larger than in either the medium-intensity or strong light environment（all P<0.001）. Under the maximum display brightness, the pupil diameter in the medium-intensity light environment was larger than in the strong light environment（P=0.012）. The effects of ambient light intensity and display brightness on the saccade duration were insignificant（all P>0.05）. In the medium-intensity light environment, the blink duration was significantly shorter than in the strong light environment（P=0.019）. The gaze trajectories varied with ambient light intensity. Paths were more tortuous with more fixation points in the dim and the strong light environments, whereas they were more direct in the medium-intensity light environment. Conclusion The results suggest that both ambient light intensity and display brightness impact the pupil diameter rather than on the saccade duration. Ambient light intensity influences the blink duration, while display brightness has little effect. Gaze trajectories also vary widely under varying ambient light intensities. These findings can provide a reference for the optimized design of light environments and display brightness.

Objective To study the role of a stepwise electric rotary chair training protocol in enhancing the vestibular function stability of airsickness-prone individuals in order to provide evidence for screening and managing these individuals. Methods Forty-four volunteers underwent airsickness susceptibility screening using an electric rotary chair that rotated at 180°/s for 120 s. Failures of the screening received 1 to 4 days of training, with daily sessions lasting for a minimum of 25 minutes, plus psychological guidance and relaxation. Pre and post-training tolerance time and pass rates of screening in different genders were compared to analyze the contributing factors. Results Of these participants, 15 were identified as susceptible to airsickness. After training, their mean tolerance time significantly improved（t=24.100,P<0.001）. The detection rate of susceptibility was 66.67%（6/9）among females, compared with 25.71%（9/35）among males（P=0.044）. There was no statistically significant difference in susceptibility between different age groups（all P>0.05）. Moreover, 93.33%（14/15）of the susceptible individuals met the training standard within three days. Conclusion The stepwise rotary chair training protocol can rapidly and effectively improve vestibular stability and reduce adaptation time. A 120-second screening duration seems feasible.

Objective To explore the effects of quadriceps relaxation training combined with Zhoulin spectrum therapeutic apparatus on knee joint pain and functions as well as inflammatory factors in military personnel with post-exercise knee pain. Methods A total of 80 military personnel with knee pain caused by high-intensity training between February 2024 and January 2025 were selected as subjects and randomly divided into a control group（Zhoulin spectrum therapeutic apparatus alone, n=40）and an observation group（quadriceps relaxation training combined with Zhoulin spectrum therapeutic apparatus, n=40）. The course lasted 4 weeks, with both groups receiving guided therapy and relaxation training under medical supervision. Clinical efficacy, scores of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale（LKSS）, scores of the Visual Analog Scale（VAS）, and rates of recurrence were compared between the two groups before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Levels of interleukin（IL）-6 and IL-10 were compared at 1 day before treatment, 1 day after treatment, and 3 days after treatment. Results The clinical efficacy in the observation group was much better than that of the control group（Z=－1.993, P=0.046）. Both groups had their VAS scores reduced and Lysholm knee scores increased after 4 weeks of treatment（t=12.079, 9.038, 20.574, 13.148, all P<0.001）. The recurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that of the control group at 4 weeks post-treatment（χ²=6.667, P=0.010）. Simple effect analysis by group found that IL-6 levels were higher（P=0.005, <0.001）while IL-10 levels were lower（P=0.011, <0.001）in the control group than in the observation group at 1 and 3 days post-intervention. Time-based simple effect analysis showed that IL-6 levels peaked at 1 day post-treatment and declined after 3 days of treatment in both groups（both P<0.001）. IL-10 levels kept increasing in the observation group（all P<0.05）, and were elevated in the control group at 1 and 3 days post-treatment compared with baseline（both P<0.001）. Conclusion Combining quadriceps relaxation training with Zhoulin spectrum therapeutic apparatus can yield better outcomes in military personnel with post-exercise knee pain, improve their clinical symptoms, enhance knee function, mitigate pain intensity, lower recurrence rates, and regulate inflammatory cytokine levels.

Objective To find out more about the differences in gut microbiota between aircrews with hyperlipidemia（HL）, hyperuricemia（HA）or both（HA+HL）and healthy aircrews（NC）. Methods A total of 40 aircrews who underwent physical examinations at our hospital between September 2022 and September 2023 were enrolled and divided into four groups: a normal control group（NC group, 10 participants）, a hyperlipidemia group（HL group, 10 participants）, a hyperuricemia group（HA group, 10 participants）, and a hyperlipidemia combined with hyperuricemia group（HA+HL group, 10 participants）. The basic demographic information, important data and metabolic indicators（including blood lipid parameters and serum uric acid levels）were collected. Fecal samples were obtained and subjected to 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to analyze gut microbiota composition. Differential bacterial communities were identified before their functional characteristics were investigated. Results Based on the Bray-Curtis distance matrix, weighted differences between samples were calculated and analyzed using principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）. The results showed that the microbial structures of the HA group, HA+HL group, and HL group were significantly different from those of the NC group（F=1.625, 1.654, 1.400, all P<0.05）. At the phylum level, the top five bacterial phyla across all four groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Desulfobacterota. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HA+HL group was significantly higher than in the NC group（P<0.001）, and that of Bacteroidetes and the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio in the HA, HL, and HA+HL groups were all significantly higher than in the NC group（all P<0.001）. At the genus level, the top eight gut bacterial genera across the four groups were Megamonas, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae, Prevotella-9, Streptococcus, Agathobacter, and Escherichia-Shigella. Significant differences were observed in the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella between the four groups（H=9.000, P=0.029）, with the relative abundance of the HA+HL group significantly lower than in the NC group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Aircrews with HA, HL or both（HA+HL）are vulnerable to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Alterations in the abundance of fermentative carbohydrate-related bacterial genera may serve as significant biomarkers for metabolic abnormalities.

目的 深入探讨肺腺癌转化为小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer，SCLC）的临床病理特征、基因改变与诊疗模式，为优化该类患者的临床管理提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2例肺腺癌转化为SCLC患者的临床资料，详细梳理其诊疗经过、病理、基因检测结果、治疗方案与生存结局，并系统复习国内外相关文献进行综合分析。结果 2例患者均为男性非吸烟者，初始病理诊断均为肺腺癌，发生SCLC转化时均处于广泛期。基因检测显示，病例1存在少见的EGFR基因18外显子G719S、20外显子S768I突变及TP53突变，在3次动态检测中，EGFR与TP53突变频率于SCLC转化后升高；病例2为EGFR 19 外显子E746_A750del突变，2019年7月—2021年6月的3次检测均提示EGFR突变频率持续升高，与肺部病灶缓慢进展趋势一致。2例长期生存患者均在接受表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗后发生SCLC转化，经化疗、放射治疗联合长疗程免疫治疗后，总生存时间均超过50个月。结论 肺腺癌转化为 SCLC 患者具有特定的临床及分子特征，免疫联合化疗方案可能为此类患者提供有效的治疗选择，其长期疗效和分子机制有待进一步研究验证。

Objective To analyze pilots' behavior related to visual information acquisition and cognitive processing during turning and landing of simulated flights. Methods Forty-two male pilots performed the designated flight mission in the same simulator. Data on their eye movement was recorded using an SMI eye tracker, and the fixation durations in each area of interest（AOI）across different stages were statistically analyzed. Results During turning, there was a statistically significant difference in the median fixation duration of the subjects on graphic and digital AOIs（Z=－2.737, P=0.006）. Participants' fixation durations on lower AOIs were longer than on upper AOIs（P=0.043）and on right AOIs（P<0.001）, and fixation durations on central AOIs were longer than on right ones（P=0.015）. However, there was no significant difference in durations between the subjects' fixation on the external runway and on the first fixation point when shifting back to the instrument panel（both P>0.05）. Besides, there was statistically significant difference in the median fixation duration between the first fixation point when the subjects shifted back to the instrument panel and other AOIs of the instrument（Z=－3.036, P=0.002）. During landing, participants exhibited longer fixation durations on the runway centerline than on the instrument panel（P=0.008）. Conclusion Pilots pay more attention to graphic AOIs, lower AOIs, central AOIs, and the first fixation point when shifting back to the instrument panel during turning, but they focus their attention on aligning with the runway during landing, suggesting that the design of human-machine interaction interfaces can be optimized by taking actual flights into consideration.

目的 针对高原高海拔地区边防官兵眼部健康管理分散化的问题，构建基于循证医学的“环境适配-技术赋能-制度创新”三级防控体系，并验证其实际应用效果。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究设计，整合世界卫生组织健康促进理论与《高原战伤救治实用手册》《军队卫勤保障条例》为依据，通过环境适配、技术赋能和制度优化建立眼健康三级防控体系。选取2023年10月—2024年9月西南某海拔>4 500 m边防连队126名官兵为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组（n=63）和对照组（n=63）。观察组实施三级防控体系，对照组维持常规卫勤保障。对比观察组和对照组官兵的眼外伤发生率、干眼症发病率、后送时间、护目镜佩戴依从性、筛查覆盖率及满意度评分。结果 本研究实施三级防控体系，观察组官兵的眼外伤发生率和干眼症发病率均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=5.896、5.642，P=0.015、0.018）；观察组后送时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=24.260，P<0.001）。观察组官兵的护目镜佩戴依从性和筛查覆盖率均高于对照组（χ²=18.106、62.745，P均<0.001）。观察组官兵总体满意度评分高于对照组（t=11.310，P<0.001），各维度评分均高于对照组（t=9.371~12.795，P均<0.001），差异均有统计学意义。结论 高原高海拔边防连队官兵眼健康保障实施“环境改良、技术创新与制度保障”多维度干预有效降低高海拔官兵眼部风险，为我国高原边防官兵眼部健康卫勤管理提供了科学的保障方案。

Objective To explore the applicability of virtual endoscopic reconstruction technology in the treatment of pilot kidney stones using ureteral flexible ureteroscopy. Methods A total of 32 pilots who underwent ureteral flexible ureteroscopy for kidney stones at the Urology Department between January 2021 and February 2024 were selected for this study, who were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method: the control group（16 cases）and the experimental group（16 cases）. The control group underwent traditional CT imaging for stone localization and subsequent ureteral flexible ureteroscopy while the experimental group used virtual endoscopy reconstruction technology for preoperative stone localization and intraluminal surgical path planning. During surgery, the planned path was followed for ureteral flexible ureteroscopy. The age, stone length, stone location, intraoperative stone localization time, surgical durations, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, stone location, stone length or the incidence of surgical complications（all P>0.05）. The experimental group had a shorter stone localization time and a shorter surgical duration than the control group, with statistically significant differences（Z/t=－2.488, 2.643, P=0.013, 0.014）. Conclusion The application of virtual endoscopy reconstruction technology in preoperative stone localization, surgical path planning, and intraoperative navigation can shorten stone localization time and surgical durations in ureteral flexible ureteroscopy, thereby improving surgical efficiency.

目的 探讨智能化设备辅助循证护理路径在重症脑卒中患者呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilator-associated pneumonia，VAP）防控及耐药菌管理中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析菏泽市立医院2023年12月至2025年1月入住ICU并接受机械通气治疗的120例重症脑卒中患者的临床资料，按照就诊时间分组，将2023年12月至2024年4月收治的63例患者作为常规循证护理组，该组接受标准化的循证护理路径管理。将2024年5月至2025年1月收治的57例患者作为智能辅助护理组，该组在标准化循证护理路径基础上进行全面整合智能化设备进行辅助管理。比较2组VAP发生率、痰液病原微生物种类与耐药性分布、机械通气时间和ICU住院时间。结果 智能辅助护理组VAP发生率（8.77%，5/57）低于常规循证护理组（23.81%，15/63）（χ²=4.872，P=0.027）。在病原学方面，智能辅助护理组肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌检出率、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌检出率均低于常规循证护理组（χ²=4.872~7.099，P=0.008~0.027）。智能辅助护理组的机械通气时间与ICU住院时间均短于常规循证护理组（t=2.659、2.779，P=0.009、0.006）。结论 在标准化循证护理路径中整合应用智能化设备，能更有效地降低重症脑卒中患者的VAP发生率，减少多重耐药菌的产生，并缩短患者机械通气时间与ICU住院时长。

Objective To explore the characteristics of balance and gait of patients after lateral ankle ligament reconstruction and compare them with healthy individuals in order to help develop precise and personalized postoperative rehabilitation programs. Methods Thirty male patients undergoing ankle ligament reconstruction surgery at the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between October 1, 2023 and August 1, 2024 were selected as the study group, while another thirty healthy male peers served as the control group. The balance platform was used to collect data on the two groups of subjects regarding the area and perimeter of their motion trajectories, anterior-posterior and lateral standard deviations, average movement distance of the center of foot pressure on the X and Y axes, and their stability limit values under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. A three-dimensional gait analysis system was employed to collect gait parameters and assess gait characteristics, including the double support phase, foot angle, step uniformity, support phase, swing phase, gait cycle, ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion, inversion-eversion, step frequency, step speed, and step width. Results In the eyes-open state, the motion trajectory area, motion trajectory perimeter, lateral standard deviation of the trajectory, and anterior-posterior standard deviation of the trajectory of patients in the ankle ligament reconstruction group were all greater than those of the control group（Z=－3.504 to －2.454, all P<0.05）. In the eyes-closed state, the motion trajectory area, motion trajectory perimeter, lateral standard deviation of the trajectory, anterior-posterior standard deviation of the trajectory, and the average movement distance of the center of pressure on the Y-axis in the ankle ligament reconstruction group exceeded those of the control group（Z=－3.755 to －2.247, all P<0.05）. The stability limit value of the ankle ligament reconstruction group was lower than that of the control group（Z=2.292, P=0.022）. During walking, compared with the control group, there was a decrease in step frequency and step speed in the reconstruction group（Z=－2.434, －3.756, P=0.015, <0.001）, but a significant increase in the double support phase（Z=－4.132, P<0.001）and swing phase（Z=－2.432, P=0.015）in the affected side of the reconstruction group, the support phase（Z=－2.225, P=0.024）, step length（Z=－2.561, P=0.010）, while the ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion range of motion（Z=－3.297, P=0.001） was significantly reduced. The healthy side also showed a significant increase in the double support phase（Z=－2.366, P=0.018）. Compared with the healthy side, patients in the reconstruction group had a significant increase in the double support phase（Z=－2.513, P=0.012）and swing phase（Z=－3.962, P<0.001）in the affected side, while the support phase（Z=－4.007, P<0.001）and ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion range of motion（Z=－2.188, P=0.029）were significantly reduced. Conclusion Eight weeks after lateral ankle ligament reconstruction, patients' balance stability remains impaired under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, with more pronounced anterior-posterior instability when eyes are closed. Abnormal gait patterns persist during walking.

腰痛指肋骨下缘至臀部下缘之间的疼痛或不适，伴或不伴一侧或双侧下肢疼痛。依据病因和病理，腰痛分为伤害感受性、神经性和伤害可塑性腰痛。腰痛是飞行人员最常见疾病之一，针对目前军事飞行人员腰痛缺乏系统康复治疗规范的现状，全军航空航天医学专业委员会依据军事飞行人员腰痛特征及全军重点课题研究成果，参照美国物理治疗协会骨科分会制定的基于国际健康、功能分类的腰痛康复指南，组织相关专家制定《军事飞行人员腰痛康复操作指南（2025）》，以规范军事飞行人员腰痛的康复评价、分类、分期及康复治疗方法。

战伤救治时效性决定战场急救的成功率，受救护人员素质、战场态势和地形地势等限制因素影响，高新技术的快速发展给军事领域带来了革命性改变，传统卫勤保障模式的困境有望被无人机和增强现实（augmented reality，AR）等新技术打破。笔者通过综述无人机和AR技术在当前军事卫勤领域的应用现状，探讨无人机和AR技术在战场急救领域的优势，为我军发展无人机和AR技术提供思路，以提高战场急救成功率，减少部队战斗减员，进而达到提升卫勤保障能力的目的。

Objective To analyze the results of training and respiratory rates of aircrews of different ages during anti-G breathing maneuvers under load conditions in order to provide data for anti-G breathing maneuvers training. Methods Three hundred and thirty-nine aircrews were collected from the Air Force Medical Center who participated in manned centrifuge training in 2019-2022. The differences in the respiratory rate, pass rate, visual field or changes in states of consciousness during high load training between the group ages 20 to 25（n=69）, group ages 26 to 30（n=110）, group ages 31 to 34（n=83）, and the group ages 35 and older（n=77）were analyzed. Results A total of 339 aircrews participated in the high load training in this study（212 passed the test, and 127 did not pass）. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the pass rate between the four age groups（χ²=13.294, P=0.004）. Pairwise comparisons indicated that the pass rate in the group ages 20 to 25（55.07%, 38/69） was lower than in the group ages 31 to 34（74.70%, 62/83）, and lower in the group ages 26 to 30（52.73%, 58/110） than in the group ages 31 to 34（74.70%, 62/83）and the group ages 35 and older（70.13%, 54/77）（all P<0.05）.The respiratory frequency results showed that there were statistically significant differences during the 8 G and 9 G plateaus across age groups（F=3.476, P=0.016）, and the respiratory frequency in the group ages 20-25 was significantly lower than in the other three groups（P=0.002, 0.028, 0.011）. The results of the visual field or states of consciousness showed statistically significant differences in the percentage of aircrews rated as "GOOD" and "A-LOC" or "G-LOC"（χ²=8.619, 8.491, P=0.035, 0.037）between the four groups. Pairwise comparisons showed that the incidence of A-LOC or G-LOC in the group ages 26 to 30 was significantly higher than that in the group ages 31 to 34（P<0.05）. Conclusion The pass rates for high-load training vary among aircrews in different age groups, which may be related to increased accumulated experience in countering high-G forces, pointing to the need to strengthen the load resistance of young aircrews. In addition, the anti-G breathing rate of aircrews under high load conditions is relatively fast, so the training on action of breathing should be improved to ensure flight safety.

Objective To study the incidence of neck and waist diseases among military aircrews flying different types of aircraft and of different ages so as to provide a reference for the precise prevention and treatment of neck and waist diseases among aircrews. Methods By retrospectively analyzing the clinical data of 9 126 aircrews in Lintong Rehabilitation and Convalescent Center, according to different aircraft types, the aircraft（bombers and ptransport aircraft）group consisted of 2 593 aircrews, the aircraft（fighters）group consisted of 1 851 aircrews, and the aircraft（helicopters）group consisted of 4 682 aircrews, the prevalence of neck and waist diseases among these aircrews and the relationships with aircraft types and age of aircrews were studied. Results The incidence rates of neck, waist and concurrent neck and waist diseases in 9 126 aircrews were 6.99%（638/9 126）, 12.92%（1 179/9 126）and 2.55%（233/9 126）respectively. The top three neck diseases were neck muscle strain（276/9 126）, accounting for 3.02%, cervical spondylosis（203/9 126）, accounting for 2.22%, and cervical disc herniation（154/9 126）, accounting for 1.69%. The top three waist diseases were lumbar disc herniation（647/9 126）, accounting for 7.09%, lumbar muscle strain（441/9 126）, accounting for 4.83%, and lumbar spondylolysis（42/9 126）, accounting for 0.46%. In the aircraft（bombers and ptransport aircraft）groups, the prevalence of neck disease in the group of aircrews ages 30 and younger was lower than in the group ages 41 to 50（P<0.05）, and waist disease was not so prevalent in the group ages 30 and younge as in the other three age groups（all P<0.05）. In the aircraft（fighters）groups, the incidence of neck disease in the group aged 30 and younger was lower than in the other three age groups（all P<0.05）, and that of waist disease in the group ages 30 and younger was lower than in the group between the ages of 41 and 50（P<0.05）. The incidence of neck and waist disease in the group ages 30 and younger was lower than in the groups ages 31 to 40 and 41 to 50（both P<0.05）. In the aircraft（helicopters）group, the prevalence of neck, waist, and concurrent neck and waist diseases in aircrews aged 30 and younger was lower than in the other age groups（all P<0.05）. Neck disease was more common in the aircraft（fighters）group than in the aircraft（bombers and ptransport aircraft）groupand aircraft（helicopters）group（both P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of waist disease between aircrews of different aircraft types（all P>0.05）. The incidence of neck and waist disease in the aircraft（fighters）group was higher than that in the aircraft（bombers and ptransport aircraft）group and the aircraft（helicopters）group（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of neck, waist and concurrent neck and waist diseases in aircrews of the same type of aircraft in the group ages 30 and younger is lower than in the other age groups. After the age of 30, these diseases become more common with the increase of flight time. Aviation security personnel should take precautions according to age and types of aircraft and get treated as early as possible to keep their necks and waists healthy.

Objective To investigate the distribution of and contributors to training-induced knee joint injuries among paratroopers. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 583 paratroopers as the subjects. A large-sample cross-sectional analysis was conducted using an epidemiological questionnaire designed to assess knee joint injuries due to parachuting training. Results Among the 2,407 military personnel, 358 sustained knee joint injuries. Among these cases, 293（81.84%）occurred exclusively during ground training, 15（4.19%）during high-altitude parachuting alone, and 50（13.97%）during both phases of training. The most common injuries from ground training were meniscal injury（30.61%, 105/343）, followed by synovitis（22.74%, 78/343）, musculotendinous injury（19.24%, 66/343）, ligament injury（16.91%, 58/343）, and osteoarticular injury（10.50%, 36/343）. The items of training most likely to cause injury included running（30.61%, 105/343）, platform training（16.33%, 56/343）, tactical training（16.03%, 55/343）, and ring training（12.24%, 42/343）. Multivariate analysis showed lengths of service ≤4 years（OR=1.091, 95%CI: 1.043-1.133）, daily durations of training >4 hours（OR=1.052, 95%CI: 1.020-1.091）, and previous synovitis of the knee joint（OR=3.691, 95%CI: 2.023-6.734）and meniscal injury（OR=3.543, 95%CI: 1.911-6.442）were independent risk factors for knee joint injuries, while previous ankle joint injury（OR=0.482, 95%CI: 0.384-0.613）and wearing knee pads（OR=0.751, 95%CI: 0.623-0.924）were independent protective factors. The most prevalent injuries during high-altitude parachuting were musculotendinous injury（27.69%, 18/65）, followed by meniscus injury（23.08%, 15/65）, ligament injury（20.00%, 13/65）, osteoarticular injury（16.92%, 11/65）, and synovitis（12.31%, 8/65）. These injuries usually occurred at the moment of landing（96.92%, 63/65）, caused by excessive surface wind speed（28.57%, 18/63）, crosswind landing（19.05%, 12/63）, uneven grounds（17.46%, 11/63）, wrong landing postures（12.70%, 8/63）, and ground obstacles（11.11%, 7/63）. Multivariate analysis showed that lengths of service ≤4 years（OR=1.111, 95%CI: 1.062-1.151）, daily training durations >4 hours（OR=1.063, 95%CI: 1.011-1.114）, and previous knee musculotendinous injury（OR=2.561, 95%CI: 1.323-4.972）were independent risk factors. Conclusion Parachuting training is likely to cause injuries, so a well-conceived training program involving good planning and effective protection can reduce the incidence of knee joint injuries during parachuting training.

Objective To study the changes in physiological indicators of the human body in hypoxic environments and explore the physiological indicators that can be quantified to assess the degree of hypoxia. Methods In October 2023, 16 male staff members from the Air Force Medical Center were selected as the subjects and were randomly divided into a sedentary group and a mental workload group. Hypoxia tests were conducted at simulated altitudes of 1 500, 2 500, 3 000, 4 000, 5 000, 6 000, 7 000, and 7 500 m in the hypobaric chamber. Results The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that levels of blood oxygen saturation impacted the duration of hypoxia（B=3.283, 95%CI: 1.896－4.670）. The curves for changes in levels of blood oxygen saturation with the duration of hypoxia at different altitudes were fitted, and the duration of hypoxia at which levels of blood oxygen saturation decreased to the target critical value at each altitude was determined. Conclusion During acute high-altitude hypoxia, the levels of blood oxygen saturation can make a difference in the duration of hypoxia. This study is expected to contribute to related identification, early warning and interventions.

心血管疾病（cardiovascular diseases，CVD）是全球范围内的主要健康问题，其发病机制复杂，涉及多种代谢因素。其中葡萄糖代谢异常和胆固醇代谢紊乱是CVD的重要危险因素。估算葡萄糖处置率（estimated glucose disposal rate，eGDR）是一种间接评估胰岛素抵抗的指标，残余胆固醇（remnant cholesterol，RC）是动脉粥样硬化发展的直接因素和心血管风险的额外标记物。笔者基于最新的研究将eGDR、RC在CVD中的应用价值进行综述。

目的 探究基于信息化的精细化护理模式对牙周炎手术效果的影响。 方法 选取2023年1月—2024年1月于空军特色医学中心口腔科接受牙周炎手术治疗的56例患者作为研究对象，采用半随机化法将其分为对照组和试验组，每组28例。对照组给予牙周手术常规护理，试验组给予基于信息化的精细化护理措施，比较2组术后牙周指标、口腔健康影响程度量表（Oral Health Impact Profile，OHIP-14）评分及口腔自我效能量表（Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Care，SESS）评分。 结果 试验组治疗前后口腔菌斑、探诊出血情况和探诊深度差值均高于对照组（t=2.679、2.263、4.812，P=0.010、0.028、0.005）。试验组术后2周OHIP-14评分、术后1周SESS总分均高于对照组（t=2.826、3.023，P=0.007、0.004）。 结论 围手术期采用基于信息化的精细化护理，有利于提高牙周炎手术治疗效果，改善患者生活质量，值得在临床进一步推广。