Objective To explore the impact of pilots' visual attention features on combat performance during simulated air-to-air combat, and provide data for simulated air-to-air combat training. Methods A total of 25 pilots were selected as the subjects to complete simulated air to air combat tasks on a computer wearing an eye tracking device that recorded the pilots' eye movement while the computer recorded related combat performance indicators such as the time taken to complete a task and results of attacks. Eye movement indicators related to visual attention were selected before correlations with the time taken to complete a task were analyzed and a correlation regression model was constructed to study the differences in eye movement indicators between pilots with successful attacks and those whose attacks failed. Results There was a significant positive correlation between eleven eye tracking indicators and the time taken to lock in the enemy's aircraft（r=0.399-0.657, all P<0.05）.A linear regression equation was constructed that involved such eye movement indicators as the number of fixations on the radar image area, the entry time of the first complete fixation in the data area of the enemy's aircraft, the latency time of first complete fixation on the area of height data, and the average time taken by complete fixation on the task command area（R²=0.712, F=12.375, P<0.001）. There were four eye movement indicators that were significantly negatively correlated with attack duration（r=－0.459, －0.486, －0.480, －0.420, all P<0.05）. A linear regression equation between eye movement indicators and the time taken by an attack was constructed involving six eye movement indicators, including the total time of gaze at the radar image area, the number of gazes at the radar image area, the number of scans in the radar image area, the number of scans in the locked image area, the entry speed of peak scans in the airspeed data area, and the entry speed of peak scans in the data area of the enemy's aircraft（R²=0.736, F=3.540, P=0.017）. Compared with pilots who failed in an attack, the successful pilots had shorter latency times in the first fixation on the area of height data, the first complete fixation on the area of height data, the first complete fixation on the area of data on enemy's aircraft, and the first departure from the area of data on enemy's aircraft, and the differences were statistically significant（t=－2.206~－2.059, all P<0.05）. Conclusion In simulated air combat scenarios, pilots exhibit distinct visual attention patterns, and their eye tracking indicators can provide important data for simulated air-to-air combat training.

Objective To evaluate the changes in levels of fatigue during 24-hour simulated flight tasks and the anti-fatigue effect of modafinil based on electroencephalogram（EEG）technology so as to provide data for research on the applicability of modafinil to the military. Methods Six male subjects who met the physical requirements of pilots were selected. Within-subjects-design was adopted. Each subject participated in two 24-hour continuous simulated flight tasks. During the task, modafenib and placebo were taken separately, with modafenib as the experimental group and placebo as the control group. The subjective evaluation score（including the subjective sleepiness score and fatigue score）, critical flash fusion frequency and EEG data were collected throughout the experiment. Subjective evaluation and critical flash fusion frequency evaluation were used as auxiliary means to define the level of fatigue. The changes of four EEG rhythm waves, proportional parameters and wavelet entropy with flight time and the differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results During the 24-hour continuous simulation flight task, the δ-wave activity and wavelet entropy in the prefrontal area of the subjects were significantly reduced（F=1.981, 0.643, P=0.030, 0.016）, the subjects became less vigilant, the degree of inhibition of brain activity was elevated, and fatigue was intensified. There was no significant difference between the two groups, that was, modafinil did not completely block the positive increase of fatigue, which was basically consistent with the results of subjective and critical flash fusion frequency evaluation. Conclusion The δ-wave of EEG in the prefrontal region and wavelet entropy can be used as a potential objective and effective indexes to assess the fatigue level of flight personnel and the anti-fatigue effect of modafinil.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality and perceived stress of military aircrews and the moderating effects of coping styles. Methods The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）scale, the Perceived Stress Scale（PSS）, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）were employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 102 military aircrews. The results of the survey were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and moderation effect analysis on 98 valid questionnaires. Results The total score of PSQI for military aircrews was（7.95±3.03）points, and 39.80% of these aircrews（39/98）had sleep disorders（PSQI≥8 points）. The total score of PSS was（25.85±8.15）points, with 34.69%（34/98）experiencing high levels of stress and 6.12%（6/98）experiencing extremely high levels of stress. The sleep quality index was positively correlated with perceived stress and negative coping（r/r_s=0.909, 0.901, all P<0.001）, while positive coping was negatively correlated with the sleep quality index, perceived stress, and negative coping（r/r_s=－0.865, －0.911, －0.898, all P<0.001）. Positive coping styles played a moderating role in the relationships between perceived stress and sleep quality（P<0.001）, while negative coping styles had no moderating effect（P=0.676）. Conclusion Military aircrews have suboptimal sleep quality. The greater the stress, the poorer the sleep quality. Positive coping styles can mitigate the negative impact of stress on sleep quality.

Objective To find out about the role of occupational exposure such as electromagnetic radiation, acceleration load and mental stress in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases in flight personnel so as to provide data for the research on aerospace medical care. Methods The physical examination and assessment data of 8 057 military pilots who rehabilitated between January 2022 and July 2024 was collected, the incidence rates of thyroid diseases were calculated, and the differences in incidence rates between groups of different ages, aircraft types, jobs and flight hours were analyzed. Results The total prevalence rate of thyroid diseases among these flight personnel was 46.54%, including thyroid nodules（41.16%）, Hashimoto's thyroiditis（4.22%）, thyroid cancer（1.96%）, and thyroid dysfunction（0.84%）. The incidence of the above thyroid diseases increased with age（Z=190.500, 6.433, 63.164, 15.979, 308.026, P<0.001, =0.011, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001）and flight hours（Z=109.791, 9.864, 60.778, 16.943, 209.829, P<0.001, =0.002, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001）. Thyroid diseases were more prevalent in flight personnel of airborne early warning aircraft than in those of other types of aircraft（all P<0.05）, and among service crews than among pilots（χ²=4.209, 12.489, 4.723, 6.009, 18.536, P=0.040, <0.001, 0.030, 0.014, <0.001）. Age（OR=1.028, 95%CI: 1.019~1.037）, accumulated hours of flight（OR=1.114, 95%CI: 1.088~1.142）, aircraft types（OR=2.195, 95%CI: 1.337~3.606）, and service jobs（OR=1.669, 95%CI: 1.109~2.239）were all contributors to thyroid diseases in pilots. Conclusion The incidence of thyroid diseases in flight personnel is high, and age, accumulated hours of flight, aircraft types, and service jobs can make a difference in the vulnerability to thyroid diseases in pilots. Occupational exposure during flight is an important cause of thyroid diseases.

Objective To explore the abnormal spectra detected during ophthalmic selections of students from teenager aviation schools in Northeast China. Methods A total 173 students in Northeast China who were eliminated during Air Force recruitment medical selections in 2015-2020 were selected to analyze the abnormal spectra of ophthalmic diseases. Results A comparison of the rates of elimination due to ophthalmic diseases over the six years suggested that the percentage was over 50%. The analysis of the proportion of various diseases eliminated in ophthalmology showed that the diseases eliminated in ophthalmology in each year were mainly concentrated in fundus lesions and refractive errors, accounting for 35.40%（40/113）and 46.02%（52/113）respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the years（χ²=4.372, 3.881, P=0.497, 0.567）. Peripheral retinal degeneration was the main cause of retinal diseases（P=0.137）while myopia that exceeded the permitted level was the chief contributor to refractive errors（P=0.623）. The changes of the spherical degree were the main manifestation in myopia that exceeded the permitted level（F=3.968, P=0.006）. Conclusion Peripheral retinal degeneration and refractive errors are the major reasons that candidate from teenager aviation schools are eliminated ophthalmologically, and refractive errors mostly manifest themselves as myopia that exceeds the permitted level.

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of asthenopia symptoms among Air Force soldiers and identify the determinants so as to provide technical support for maintaining visual health. Methods A nationwide and cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2023 and January 2024 in Air Force, involving the 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire (ASQ-11) and related influencing factors that were analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to identify factors related to asthenopia. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlations between ASQ-11 and Ocular Surface Disease Index（OSDI）scales. Results A total of 1 104 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 90.71%, and 1 065 participants were enrolled in the study, including 356 pilots and 709 other personnel. The detection rate of asthenopia was 32.87% for pilots and 20.87% for other military personnel, suggesting that the detection rate of asthenopia among pilots was higher（χ²=18.231, P<0.001）. There was significant difference between pilots of different types of aircraft（χ²=10.260, P=0.006）, but no significant difference between other personnel（χ²=1.175, P=0.278）. For pilots, the risk factors for asthenopia included age（OR=1.092, 95%CI: 1.043~1.146）, poor sleep（OR=2.152, 95%CI: 1.059~4.492）, jobs involving electronic screens（OR=2.321, 95%CI: 1.078~5.167）, more than 4 hours of reading close to electronic products（OR=2.840, 95%CI: 1.111~7.594）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.304, 95%CI: 1.233~1.392）. For personnel other than pilots, working in Central China（OR=2.175, 95%CI: 1.007~4.591）, refractive errors（OR=2.670，95%CI：1.579~4.531）, poor sleep（OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.373~3.977）, reading close to non-electronic products for more than 4 hours（OR=2.679, 95%CI: 1.204~5.829）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.153, 95%CI: 1.124~1.186）were risk factors. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the ASQ-11 and OSDI scores（r=0.768, P<0.001 for pilots and r=0.725, P<0.001 for other military personnel）. Conclusion The detection rate of asthenopia in Air Force is relatively high. Related clinicians should get involved in the risk management of asthenopia. Precautions have to be taken to ensure the visual health of Air Force soldiers.

Objective To establish an evaluation method for visual attention ability in flight spatial orientation. Methods 168 fighter pilots took part in the study. Thirty-two fighter pilots were selected as the subjects before tasks and indicators for evaluation were determined via experiments using static attention scales, desktop dynamic simulation flight experimental systems, and illusion simulation training systems. An evaluation system was developed and 35 pilots were enrolled in the experiment to test the reliability and validity of the system. Test data from 195 pilots was used to establish the score norm for evaluation. Results The dual task in which the primary task was simulating flight while the secondary task was responding to the warning information was used as the evaluation paradigm. The primary task involved five tasks of simulating flight combat or stages, while the secondary tasks included 2-level response tasks to information on warning and attention. Thirteen evaluation indicators were identified. The retest reliability and criterion-related validity of the evaluation system were 0.993 and 0.753, respectively, both of which were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Tasks and indexes for evaluation of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation have been established, which have proved the good reliability and validity of the system. At the same time, a set of evaluation methods has been established, which can be used for the selection, evaluation and training of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation.

Objective To formulate the development of an autonomous training program for psychological resilience in order to enhance the psychological resilience of pilots, improve their stress resistance and sleep quality, and prove the utility of this training method. Methods A total of 234 pilots who were recuperating in Dalian Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from March 2021 to January 2023 were randomly stratified and divided into a training group and a control group. In addition to routine recuperation, the training group received an autonomous training program for psychological resilience, while the control group did not. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISE）was used to evaluate changes in psychological resilience, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）and Polysomnography（PSG） were adopted to evaluate subjective and objective quantification of sleep quality and study the effects of this training on sleep. Results The resilience factor（t=2.534, P=0.025）, belief factor（t=2.379, P=0.032）, and total psychological resilience score（t=2.490, P=0.028）of the training group increased after training, and the differences were statistically significant. After training, the training group showed significant improvements in subjective sleep quality（Z=3.918, P<0.001）, sleep time（Z=2.201, P=0.027）, falling asleep time（Z=2.178, P=0.037）, sleep efficiency（Z=2.378, P=0.018）, sleep disorders（Z=3.228, P=0.001）, daytime dysfunction（Z=4.908, P<0.001）, and PSQI total score（Z=3.790, P<0.001）. The subjective sleep quality（Z=2.804, P=0.020）, sleep time（Z=2.200, P=0.028）, falling asleep time（Z=2.073, P=0.048）, and PSQI total score（Z=2.992, P=0.016）of the control group improved to a certain extent after routine recuperation. The results of multi-channel sleep monitoring data showed that after training, the total sleep time（t=6.973, P=0.015）, sleep latency（t=5.166, P=0.032）, REM latency（t=5.490, P=0.028）, and sleep efficiency（t=5.021, P=0.041）were significantly different. During the non-rapid eye movement phase, the sleep time in N1 phase decreased（t=5.247, P=0.036）, but that in N2 phase（t=6.268, P=0.023）and N3 phase（t=5.232, P=0.038）increased（P<0.05）. The control group showed improvement in both subjective and objective sleep indicators, but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion The psychological resilience training program can improve the psychological resilience of pilots, and there is a significant improvement in the subjective and objective experiences of sleep quality.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of bilateral knee flexor and extensor muscle strength under different angular velocities in order to prevent knee injuries in fighter pilots. Methods Isokinetic plyometric tests were performed on 339 fighter pilots at three different angular velocities－60, 180°/s and 300°/s. The peak torque of bilateral knee flexion and extension, the peak torque/body weight ratio, work fatigue, and the hamstring/quadriceps（H/Q）ratio were analyzed. Results At different angular velocities, there was statistically significant difference in the maximum muscle strength of bilateral knee joint flexion and extension（F_{angular velocity}=6 568.537, 1 048.388, both P<0.001）and in the work fatigue of the flexor and extensor muscles of both knee joints（F_{angular velocity}=0.456, 0.285, P<0.001, =0.593）, especially between the dominant and non-dominant sides（F_bilateral=399.862, 415.773, both P<0.001）. The H/Q values of both knee joint flexion and extension were significant different at various angular velocities（F_{angular velocity}=6 216.789, P<0.001）, and between the dominant and non-dominant sides（F_bilateral=13 813.530, P<0.001）. Conclusion Bilateral knee extensor muscle strength of fighter pilots is higher than the average of sports population, but flexor muscle strength is generally lower. Fighter pilots should enhance hamstring muscle strength and quadriceps endurance to improve the balance of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength, thus improving knee stability and reducing knee training injuries.

目的 通过收集基层卫生机构就诊数据，构建空军部队官兵疾病谱，为针对性开展卫勤保障工作提供依据。方法 收集4家基层卫生机构2020年12月1日—2021年11月30日就诊信息数据，建立抽样数据库，应用柏拉图对疾病谱数据进行分析。结果 共纳入14 735条就诊数据，就诊官兵中位年龄为25（22，31）岁，男性占比96.71%，女性占比3.29%；按季节划分，春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的占比分别为29.66%、29.19%、24.87%和16.27%；疾病谱中各系统疾病占比前3名为呼吸系统疾病（38.93%）、皮肤疾病（11.39%）和消化系统疾病（10.60%）；疾病谱单一病种病例数占比前3名的疾病分别是上呼吸道感染（27.98%）、闭合性损伤（5.73%）和关节肌肉痛（3.85%）；柏拉图统计分析结果显示，主要疾病类型为呼吸系统疾病、皮肤疾病、消化系统疾病、口腔疾病和各类创伤（77.69%），次要疾病类型为运动系统疾病（85.54%）。结论 在基层卫勤保障能力建设过程中应针对部队青壮年官兵群体疾病谱特点，将人力、物力优先配置在主要方向，不断提升基层官兵常见疾病诊治水平，使基层卫生机构卫勤保障功能更好地为战斗力服务。

Objective To unveil the patterns of change in heart rate during long-haul simulated flights, summarize how flight fatigue varies, and analyze the persistent physiological changes throughout the experiment. Methods Eight healthy males were selected and assigned to four groups to perform tasks as a captain and a co-pilot respectively. Flights were simulated using a 4-hour work and 4-hour rest mode, and the experiment lasted 48 hours. Electrocardiogram signals were recorded throughout the process and individual physiological changes were evaluated using heart rate variability（HRV）indicators. Results Both the captains and co-pilots were affected by the circadian rhythm and workload accumulation to varying degrees. The circadian rhythm resulted in regular changes during seven independent flights within 48 hours, and reached the peak by midnight. The impact of workload accumulation resulted in differences in HRV indicators between the beginning and the end of the 4-hour simulated flight. Conclusion In the shift-simulating flight, the levels of fatigue of pilots are affected by the circadian rhythm and workload accumulation. The analysis of heart rate variability can intuitively capture the changes, and effectively distinguish the fatigue status from the non-fatigue status of pilots at the beginning and the end of the simulated flight in combination with related machine learning models.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with hot compress patches and Feng's spinal manipulation treatment against lumbar disc protrusion. Methods A total of 120 patients with lower back pain admitted between May 2024 and July 2024 were selected as subjects, who were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method. Both groups（120 cases）received Feng's spinal manipulation treatment, but the control group（60 cases）was additionally given conventional hot compress treatment with the Hantongle paste patch while the treatment group（60 cases）was treated with Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with graphene hot compress patches. One course of treatment lasted 10 days, and the therapeutic effect was assessed after treatment. A handheld infrared thermometer was used to observe temperature changes before and after treatment. The Visual Analog Scale（VAS）was employed to assess pain changes before and after treatment while the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire（ODI）was used to evaluate changes of lumbar function. Results After treatment, the temperature difference in infrared thermography decreased in both groups（t=6.616, 7.227, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（F_group=4.159, P_group=0.044）. Additionally, VAS scores decreased in both groups（t=8.182, 10.056, both P<0.001）, particularly in the treatment group（F_group=11.430, P_group<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group（χ²=4.357, P=0.037）. Furthermore, ODI scores decreased in both groups after treatment（t=7.317, 9.368, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（F_group=12.152, P_group<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group（χ²=12.570, P<0.001）. Conclusion For patients with lower back pain, the combined use of Shujin Zhitong gel patches with graphene hot compress patches can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function, demonstrating good clinical efficacy.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for death in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 positive dermatomyositis. Methods The clinical data of 67 dermatomyositis patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology between August 2017 and August 2022 was retrospectively analyzed, including 34 MDA5 positive dermatomyositis patients（positive group）and 33 MDA5 negative ones（control group）, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. According to the clinical outcomes of patients, the MDA5 positive group was again divided into a death group（8 cases）and a survival group（26 cases）before the risk factors for death were analyzed. Results Among the 67 patients with dermatomyositis, 34 were in the positive group and 33 in the control group, with an average age of 52.00（20.00, 85.00）years. Compared with the control group, the positive group was more vulnerable to arthritis（χ²=6.594, P=0.010）, characteristic rash（χ²=12.653, P<0.001）and interstitial lung disease（χ²=4.422, P=0.035）. White blood cell levels（t=3.353, P=0.001）, lymphocyte levels（t=2.970, P=0.004）, total cholesterol levels（t=2.625, P=0.011）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels（t=4.029, P<0.001）and C3 decreased（t=4.536, P=0.033）. However, the levels of alanine aminotransferase（t=2.202, P=0.028）, aspartate aminotransferase（t=2.772, P=0.006）, andγ-glutamyltransferase（t=4.304, P<0.001）, and the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation（t=5.235, P=0.022）were higher, so was IL-6（t=8.232, P=0.004）, and the differences were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lymphocytes<0.55×10⁹ /L（OR=31.403, 95% CI: 1.648~598.438）, interleukin-6>30 pg/m（OR=35.313，95% CI: 1.526~817.279）, and ferritin>1 100 μg/L（OR=24.323, 95% CI: 1.309~452.038）were risk factors for death. Conclusion MDA5 positive patients with dermatomyositis are more susceptible to arthritis, characteristic rash and interstitial lung disease, with high inflammatory markers and high mortality.

前交叉韧带损伤是最常见的运动损伤之一，前交叉韧带重建是其主要的治疗方式。但在术后早期患者因关节肿胀、渗出、疼痛等因素影响，常出现不同程度的本体感觉减退、关节活动受限等情况，大部分患者在术后2年甚至更久的时间内都存在膝关节周围肌力下降、膝关节不稳等功能障碍，这对患者的生活质量有很大影响。运动控制训练是神经肌肉训练的方法之一，在促进下肢功能恢复中取得了很好的成效，能够增强膝关节的动态稳定性，提高机体整体的控制能力，预防前交叉韧带再损伤的发生。笔者从运动控制训练的临床作用、作用机制、临床方案和影响因素等方面对运动控制训练在前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的应用进行综述。

Objective To study the relationships between postural control ability and cumulative fatigue under stress and to explore rapid methods for assessing fatigue. Methods Fifteen undergraduates from Shanghai University of Science and Technology who participated in the National Undergraduate Electronics Design Competition were enrolled to evaluate their postural control capabilities under fatigue and alertness. Participants were required to complete questionnaires assessing subjective fatigue and sleep duration and undergo dynamic balance tests and static balance tests on a balance testing device under both open-eye and closed-eye conditions. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results Data from subjective questionnaires and on sleep duration revealed a continuous increase in fatigue levels among subjects throughout the competition, indicating the cumulative nature of fatigue. The results of the balance ability assessments revealed statistically significant differences in such key metrics as the spiral trajectory accuracy（Z=2.329, P=0.020）, total length of open-eye trajectory（Z=2.272, P=0.023）, total length of closed-eye trajectory（Z=2.045, P=0.041）, and closed-eye envelope area（Z=2.329, P=0.020）. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between postural control ability and fatigue. The related metrics have demonstrated their utility as effective indicators for rapid assessment of fatigue status.

Objective To analyze the data on the video head impulse test（vHIT）in patients diagnosed with bilateral vestibular weakness（BVW）via the caloric test in order to explore the alternative role of vHIT in diagnosis of BVW. Methods Data on vestibular examination of 106 vertigo patients was retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into the BVW group and normal vestibular function group（control group）according to the caloric test results. Results of vHIT were compared between the two groups. Results Once either unilateral or bilateral anomalies in the horizontal semicircular canals were deemed positive in a vHIT, statistically significant differences could be observed between vHIT and the caloric test for detecting BVW（P=0.002）. Furthermore, when only bilateral anomalies in the horizontal semicircular canals were considered positive, but negative in normal canals, vHIT still remained significantly different from the caloric test in identifying BVW（P=0.019）. The area under the ROC curve for saccade frequency was 0.748, the sensitivity 60.3% and specificity 87.3%. As for the semicircular canal gain loss, the area under curve was 0.841, sensitivity 87.2% and specificity 76.1%, compared with 0.706, 87.2% and 43.3% for asymmetrical gain. Conclusion vHIT should be prioritized as an initial screening tool for diagnosing BVW. When vHIT results show no abnormalities, a caloric test should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis, thereby ensuring that no potential BVW cases are missed.

Objective To analyze the relationships between sleep quality, mental state and quality of life of civil aviation aircrews in order to provide a reference for preventing these conditions. Methods The convenient sampling method, a general questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）, Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS）, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）, and a 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Scale（SF-12）were used to survey 395 aircrews of an airline, assess their sleep quality, and analyze the causes of sleep disorders and the correlations between sleep quality and depression, anxiety and quality of life. Results The incidence of sleep disorders in these aircrews was 28.6%, and flying over more than 4 time zones for more than 3 times in one month was a risk factor for sleep disorders（OR=2.790, 95%CI: 1.266~6.147, P=0.011）. Among these aircrews, 28.9% suffered from depression（114/395）and 7.8% anxiety（31/395）. Depression and anxiety were more common among aircrews with sleep disorders than among those with normal sleep（t=7.102, 5.044, both P<0.001）. The scores of sleep quality of aircrews were positively correlated with the scores of depression and anxiety（r=0.304, 0.216, both P<0.001）. The scores of general health, role-physical scores, role-emotional scores and those of bodily pain, mental health, vitality and social function of the aircrew with normal sleep were higher than those of the sleep disorder group（t=4.111-8.323, all P<0.001）. Conclusion The body height is a factor leading to sleep disorders in aircrews, and flying over more than 4 time zones three times or more in a month is a risk factor for sleep disorders. Sleep quality, depression and anxiety of aircrews are mutually causal and complicated in their correlations. Airlines should attach importance to sleep and mental health management of aircrews who are different in heights, fly across time zones and remain physically inactive.

黑洞错觉是一种常见的空间定向障碍。对于黑洞错觉的形成机制，相关研究尚不能给出明确解释。笔者基于生态心理学的视觉不变量假设，介绍了3种较有影响的关于黑洞错觉成因的理论，即恒定视角假设、动态空间策略假设和基于τ理论的假设。参考以上假设，笔者提出黑洞错觉的本质是一种在视觉信息贫乏状况下的视觉-动作控制策略，并指出可以结合τ理论与贝叶斯理想观察者模型构建一个整合模型框架。基于此框架，后续研究可以结合相关数据，定量预测黑洞错觉发生，并以之优化飞行员选拔过程。

Objective To standardize the storage of traditional Chinese medicines to ensure the quality and safety of drugs. Methods The specifications about storage in the instructions of 291 types of proprietary Chinese medicines in the drug catalog of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Medical University were statistically analyzed before the results of observation were evaluated. Results According to the functional classification by the National Basic Medical Insurance, Industrial Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue（2023）, the 291 drugs were divided into 31 categories, among which 49 were immunity-boosting agents, accounting for 16.84%, 42 were heat-clearing agents, accounting for 14.43%, and 37 were blood-stasis removing agents, accounting for 12.71%. The required temperature was not specified in the instructions of 215 of these drugs, accounting for the largest proportion（73.88%）, and the instructions of 67 drugs specified that the storage temperature was up to 20 ℃ or in cool place, accounting for 23.02%. In the instructions of 259 drugs, sealing was required for storage, accounting for the largest proportion（89.00%）. Capsules made up the majority of these drugs, accounting for 33.59%, followed by granules and pills, accounting for 16.22%. The technical terms related to light storage of drugs were shading and avoiding light. In most of these drug instructions（279）, lighting conditions were not mentioned, accounting for 95.88%. There were 68 storage items that specified requirements for humidity, accounting for 23.37%, while 76.63% did not. Conclusion It is critical to ensure the correct storage conditions of drugs and standardize the descriptions of storage terms in drug instructions, such as temperature and humidity.

眩晕是后循环卒中最常见的症状之一，以不稳状态、旋转现象为临床主要表现，后循环缺血的恶性眩晕可演变为脑梗死，从而危及生命。眩晕与心脑血管病常共存，其中高血压、冠心病和脑卒中等是最常见的共病，这些疾病可能导致患者眩晕；反之，眩晕患者又容易合并心脑血管病，眩晕和心脑血管病在很大程度上是相互重叠的，因此二者间的相互作用将导致恶性循环。近年来心脑血管病可引起眩晕症状的发生，受到人们广泛关注，但目前对眩晕与心脑血管病关系的研究相对较少。眩晕的发生与心脑血管病之间存在着密不可分的关系，二者常共存，有着共同的危险因素，且互为危险因素，相关机制复杂，笔者就心脑血管病眩晕症状的相关血管因素的进展进行综述，为其诊治和预防提供参考。

目的 分析三级公立医院门诊诊疗资源配置对患者满意度的影响，并提出优化资源分配的策略，以提升医疗服务质量和患者满意度。方法 基于北京天坛医院2024年2月18日—4月29日的门诊和患者满意度数据，采用描述性分析、相关分析和多元线性回归分析等方法，考察出诊医师人数、门诊量、出诊医师高级职称占比和每诊位诊疗人次等因素与患者满意度的关系。结果 普通门诊和特需门诊的门诊服务在出诊医师人数、出诊医师高级职称占比、加号率、门诊量、每诊位诊疗人次（Z=9.828~16.105，P均<0.001）和患者满意度（Z=2.963，P=0.003）等方面的差异均有统计学意义。上午和下午的门诊服务在出诊医师人数、出诊医师高级职称占比、门诊量、每诊位诊疗人次（Z=3.950~10.494，P均<0.001）和患者满意度（Z=2.435，P=0.015）等方面差异均有统计学意义。不同科室位置的门诊服务在出诊医师人数、出诊医师高级职称占比、加号率、门诊量、每诊位诊疗人次和患者满意度等方面差异均存在统计学意义（H=16.392~484.798，P均<0.001）。上午时段，科室位置、出诊医师高级职称占比、每诊位诊疗人次与门诊患者满意度呈正相关（r=0.047、0.790、0.146，P=0.048、0.001、<0.001），下午时段，出诊医师人数、出诊医师高级职称占比与门诊患者满意度呈正相关，每诊位诊疗人次与门诊患者满意度呈负相关（r=0.048、0.048、－0.093，P=0.045、0.044、<0.001）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，对上午门诊患者满意度有影响的因素有科室位置、出诊医师高级职称占比和每诊位诊疗人次（t=3.147、4.619、7.269，P=0.002、<0.001、<0.001）；对下午门诊患者满意度有影响的因素有出诊医师高级职称占比和每诊位诊疗人次（t=2.300、4.084，P=0.022、<0.001）。结论 合理配置门诊资源，特别是提高医师的专业水平和诊疗效率，是提升患者满意度的关键。医院应实施差异化资源分配策略，加强信息化建设，优化诊疗流程，以满足不同时间段和科室的具体需求。

目的 分析军队人员门诊常见眼病的构成情况和流行病学特征，并对此提出针对性防治措施。方法 回顾性分析西京医院2019年1月1日—2020年12月31日眼科门诊资料，对其眼科疾病检出情况进行疾病谱分析。结果 36 886人次军人患者中明确诊断34 528人次，其中男性占比82.86%，女性占比17.14%。排名前5位的眼科疾病分别为屈光不正（33.54%）、结膜病（24.58%）、干眼（16.20%）、眼睑病（6.40%）和视疲劳（5.80%）。屈光不正在不同年龄段中的占比差异具有统计学意义（χ⊃2;=961.330，P<0.001）；结膜炎在不同季节的就诊比例差异具有统计学意义（χ⊃2;=211.269，P<0.001）；干眼症在不同性别（χ⊃2;=27.512，P<0.001）、年龄段（χ⊃2;=825.874，P<0.001）和季节（χ⊃2;=58.370，P<0.001）的占比差异均有统计学意义；睑板腺功能障碍存在一定的季节特点，在不同季节的就诊人数差异具有统计学意义（χ⊃2;=31.841，P<0.001），其中冬季和春季就诊人数较多。结论 屈光不正、结膜病、干眼、眼睑病和视疲劳是军人门诊常见眼病。不同眼科疾病在不同性别和年龄人群所占比例不同，且存在季节差异。因此，应根据眼科疾病的分布特点制定针对性的预防保健措施。

Objective To find out about the incidence of thyroid nodules（TN）in naval pilots as well as factors related to lipid metabolism. Methods The results of thyroid ultrasound examination of naval pilots who had recuperated at our sanatorium between June 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to collect data and study the differences in blood lipid indicators between the TN group and the non-TN group. The distribution of TNs across naval pilots of different ages was analyzed while the correlations between blood lipid levels and the classification of TNs and the thyroid imaging reporting and data system（TI-RADS）were investigated. Results A total of 945 naval pilots were included in this study, with a thyroid nodule detection rate of 31.64%. The TN group was older than the non-TN group（t=3.332, P<0.05）, there was a statistically significant difference in detection rates among different age groups（χ²=21.196, P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in blood lipid related indicators between the TN group and the non-TN group（P>0.05）. In groups with different blood lipid levels, the proportion of thyroid nodules classified was mostly TI-RADS 3. Conclusion Clinicians should attach importance to the screening of TNs in military pilots, keep track of malignant high-risk nodules with combined lipid abnormalities, clarify the nature of nodules early, and ensure early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer.

目的 探讨前列腺癌根治术后患者实施阻力带辅助盆底肌训练对尿失禁和生活质量的改善效果。方法 选取2021年5月—2022年12月于中国人民解放军总医院第三医学中心泌尿外科住院的明确诊断为前列腺癌患者96例，采用随机数字法将其分为2组，各48例。试验组在住院期间由泌尿外科专科护士培训使用阻力带辅助盆底肌训练；对照组采用常规方法，由泌尿外科专科护士口头指导。分别建立对照组和试验组微信群，电话随访2组（尿管拔除后及拔除后第1、3、6个月）24 h尿垫使用情况，微信收集2组（尿管拔除后及拔除后第1、3、6个月）国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷简表（International Consultation On Incontinent Questionnaire Short Form，ICI-Q-SF）问卷调查和盆底肌训练依从性量表。分析比较2组24 h尿垫使用情况、ICI-Q-SF和盆底肌训练依从性量表结果情况。结果 2组一般资料和盆底肌训练依从性差异均无统计学意义（t/χ²=0.081~1.933，P=0.074~0.936）。对比2组尿垫使用量，尿管拔除后3个月，试验组尿控情况优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（χ²=35.013，P<0.001）。在ICI-Q-SF评分方面，尿管拔除后3、6个月，试验组尿控情况优于对照组（P均<0.001），在盆底肌训练依从性方面，2组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 阻力带辅助的盆底肌训练方法以其便携性、低成本、高效性和安全性，在前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的康复中显示出较好疗效，可有效改善患者的生活质量。

低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌的主动监测是一种非侵入性的，在多学科团队的指导下，通过识别低风险甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者，以密切监测肿瘤进展替代手术治疗的肿瘤管理策略。甲状腺癌在飞行人员所有恶性肿瘤中居首位。2010—2019年间，空军特色医学中心共20例飞行人员接受甲状腺癌手术治疗，术后8例飞行人员暂时或永久飞行不合格。笔者在结合我军军事飞行人员甲状腺癌诊疗和停飞现状，回顾过去30年全球低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌主动监测的经验，探讨主动监测策略在军事飞行人员中的应用前景，为军事飞行人员甲状腺的治疗提供新的视角。

目的 通过探讨1例飞行员脑血管动静脉畸形的治疗及航空医学鉴定，提高对军事飞行员脑血管动静脉畸形的认识。方法 分析1例轰炸机飞行员脑血管动静脉畸形的诊疗过程，探讨此类疾病在航空医学诊疗和鉴定过程中的关注要点。结果 该名飞行员通过系列检查明确脑血管动静脉畸形诊断后，给予介入栓塞治疗，并经过1年以上的地面随访观察和系统评估，医学鉴定为飞行合格。结论 脑血管动静脉畸形有破裂出血和引发癫痫的风险，严重危害飞行员身体健康和飞行安全，介入栓塞治疗用于飞行员脑血管动静脉畸形效果确切，航空医学鉴定对飞行能力和飞行安全无明显不良影响者，可给予飞行合格结论。

为完善飞行员地面加压呼吸训练的方案，提高地面加压呼吸训练的效果，培养具有开展加压呼吸训练能力的专业人才，探索航空兵部队飞行员航空生理训练的组训方式，笔者依据现役装备的技术特点修改完善训练内容，根据训练技术的进步研制新型训练设备，完成新型多制式加压呼吸训练装置的研制，并通过训练检验其应用价值。同时，采用虚拟仿真技术，实现加压呼吸训练与空中特情模拟的结合。通过训练提升人员的能力，促进训练技术的改进与推广。建立一种具有推广潜力的地面加压呼吸训练模式，提升航空医学保障人员的能力与素质，为航空兵部队开展生理训练提供医学保障。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia（HUA）in military aircrews and analyze the contributing factors so as to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of HUA. Methods The clinical data of 1 531 military aircrews admitted to the Aviation Medicine Department of Air Force Medical Center between December 2017 and December 2020 was retrospectively analyzed, including age, gender, aircraft types, flight time, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, medical history, and related biochemical test results. These aircrews were divided into the HUA group（n=402）and non-HUA group（n=1 129）according to the national diagnostic criteria for HUA. The data was compared between the two groups and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related contributors to HUA. Results The incidence rate of HUA in military aircrews was 26.26%（402/1 531）. The HUA group had higher levels of BMI, SBP, DBP, serum creatinine（Scr）, fasting blood glucose（FBG）, TG, TC and LDL-C（Z=－6.920~－2.173, all P<0.05）, but lower HDL-C levels（Z=－3.300, P=0.001）than in the non-HUA group, with statistically significant differences. The HUA group also had a significantly higher incidence rate of combined glucose metabolism abnormalities, hypertension, and dyslipidemia（χ²=5.728, 12.562, 23.756, all P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher BMI（OR=1.089, 95%CI: 1.022~1.161）, elevated DBP（OR=1.026, 95%CI: 1.009~1.044）, increased TG（OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.064~1.700）, and elevated Scr（OR=1.029, 95%CI: 1.017~1.040）were risk factors for HUA while older age（OR=0.974, 95%CI: 0.959~0.990）served as a protective factor. Conclusion The prevalence of HUA in military aircrews reaches 26.26% in our aviation medicine department. Age, BMI, DBP, TG and Scr are closely related to the occurrence of the disease, which points to the need to develop personalized comprehensive prevention and treatment plans in order to reduce the occurrence and development of HUA in military aircrews.

飞行人员在机动飞行中常常会受到各种加速度作用，从而引起飞行人员晕机反应和飞行错觉，对飞行安全构成严重威胁。前庭功能训练对提高飞行人员前庭功能稳定性和降低空晕病发生率具有重要作用。目前，亟待发展新型前庭功能训练技术，从而有效提高训练效果。笔者回顾三维滚轮前庭功能训练设备的研发过程，重点总结三维滚轮前庭功能评定和训练方法的研究进展，提出三维滚轮技术在飞行人员前庭功能评定和训练中的建议方案和应用前景。三维滚轮前庭功能评定和训练技术为未来提升飞行人员抗眩晕能力提供支撑。

Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness with which a new scenario simulation exercise model based on virtual simulation technology is used for organizing high-altitude physiological training in order to improve the quality and efficiency of high-altitude physiological training and update the training model. Methods Immersive high-altitude physiological training mission scripts were designed based on high-altitude emergencies, and corresponding evaluation criteria were established. Forty-four students of aviation medicine were divided into 3 groups randomly, with 14 or 15 students per group, to engage in training laid out in a scenario simulation exercise mode using virtual simulation technology alone or using traditional methods. After training, such indicators as changes in students' physiological parameters, mastery of skills and levels of satisfaction were analyzed. Results During the pressure breathing training, the differences in the total scores of physiological parameters, increases of systolic blood pressure, scores of subjective feelings and those of index recovery times between the three groups of trainees were statistically significant（F=4.139, 7.160, 5.770, P=0.023, 0.002, 0.006）. The trainees in the scenario simulation training group scored higher than those in the traditional mode group（P=0.019, 0.001, 0.005）. The differences in scores of indicators of training effect between the three groups were also of statistical significance（F=4.139~27.452, all P<0.05）. The trainees in the scenario simulation training group compared favorably with the traditional mode group and the virtual simulation platform group in terms of the total score of training, enthusiasm for training, subjective feelings, and mastery of knowledge and skills（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Scenario simulation exercises based on virtual simulation technology can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of high-altitude physiological training. This study is expected to provide a new line of thought for improving the ability of aviation health care givers to offer medical support and for updating high-altitude physiological training modes.

Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p on factor-related apoptosis（Fas）expressions and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs）in high glucose state. Methods HUVECs were cultured and divided into the control group（at the medium glucose concentration of 5.5 mmol/L）, high glucose group（at the medium glucose concentration of 33.0 mmol/L）, high glucose+miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p mimic group（at the medium glucose concentration of 33.0 mmol/L+miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p mimic transfected cells）, and high glucose+miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p inhibitor group（at the medium glucose concentration of 33.0 mmol/L+miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p inhibitor transfected cells）. The proliferation viability of the four groups was detected by CCK8 assay, the protein level of Fas in each group of cells by Western blotting, and the mRNA levels of miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p and Fas in HUVECs by RT-PCR. TUNEL staining was performed to detect the apoptosis of cells in each group. Results The miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p mimic transfection increased the proliferative activity（P<0.001）but decreased the apoptotic rate（P<0.001）of the cells. The expression levels of Fas mRNA（P<0.001）and Fas protein（P<0.001）were decreased while the expression level of hsa-let-7b-5p mRNA was increased（P<0.001）. The miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p inhibitor transfection decreased the proliferative activity（P<0.001）but increased the apoptotic rate（P<0.001）of the cells. The expression levels of Fas mRNA（P<0.001）and Fas protein（P<0.001）were increased while that of hsa-let-7b-5p mRNA was decreased（P=0.001）. Conclusion In high glucose state, miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p may inhibit apoptosis of HUVECs and protect vascular endothelial cells against atherosclerosis.

目的 根据不同任务需求对士兵热耐力状况进行分级化管理。方法 2021年1月—2023年9月选取303名男性士兵进行热耐力检测，根据训练强度，按照新兵、后勤士兵、作战士兵和特战士兵热耐力状况差异分别对应为不及格、一般、良好和优秀的假设。热耐力检测方法：在室内温度40 ℃、相对湿度40%、跑步机2%坡度和5 km/h的条件下跑步2 h，记录跑前心率、直肠温度、跑中最快心率和最高直肠温度，计算生理应激指数（Physiological Stress Index，PSI）。结果 各组PSI分别为：新兵组（6.15±0.95）、后勤士兵（4.57±1.29）、作战士兵（3.19±0.93）和特战士兵（2.64±0.80），且各组间差异有统计学意义（F=111.36，P<0.001）。结论 按照新兵、后勤士兵、作战士兵和特战士兵热耐力状况差异假设成立，使用PSI热耐力检测可以分级。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the correlations with axial bone mineral density and blood lipids. Methods A total of 181 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between January 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the subjects and were divided into the sarcopenia group（n=63）and non-sarcopenia group（n=118）. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlations of the axial bone mineral density (BMD) and blood lipids with sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes patients while Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia. Results The results of correlation analysis showed that L₁-L₄ BMD, BMD of the left femoral neck and of the right femoral neck, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein were negatively correlated with type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia（r=－0.368-－0.227, all P<0.05）, while total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia were positively correlated（r=0.250, 0.226; P=0.001, 0.002）. Logistic regression analysis showed the results of osteoporosis（OR=40.906, 95%CI=6.246-267.914）, glycated hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c（OR=2.583, 95%CI=1.619~4.121）, total cholesterol（OR=3.555, 95%CI=1.852~6.823）, low density lipoprotein（OR=3.371, 95%CI=1.561~7.276 ）were risk factors for type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia. L₁ BMD（OR=0.005, 95%CI=0.000~0.938）, BMD of the left femoral neck（OR=0.001, 95%CI=0.000~0.167）, and of the right femoral neck（OR=0.016, 95%CI=0.000~0.998）, parathyroid hormone, PTH）（OR=0.749, 95%CI=0.622~0.901）, triglyceride（OR=0.003, 95%CI=0.000~0.129）, high-density lipoprotein（OR=0.015, 95%CI=0.001~0.314）, skeletal muscle indexes（OR=0.199, 95%CI=0.081~0.489）were protective factors for type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia. Conclusion Axial bone mineral density and blood lipids are closely related to sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the axial bone mineral density and blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes should be monitored to prevent sarcopenia.

在全球范围内，炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease，IBD）发病率和流行率均在迅速上升。IBD是一种慢性肠道炎症性疾病，主要表现为溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。IBD患者中肠道微生物的多样性和物质代谢途径受到严重破坏，表现为肠道内致病微生物和初级胆汁酸增加。肠道微生物通过将初级胆汁酸转化为次级胆汁酸来调节肠道胆汁酸谱，而胆汁酸也能影响肠道微生物群的多样性。这些失衡均能促进肠道免疫反应，加剧炎症。因此，通过改善肠道微生物失调和胆汁酸代谢紊乱，促进肠道炎症的消除和肠道屏障修复，有利于IBD患者病情缓解。此外，IBD患者炎症性肠病相关的结直肠癌的发生风险随确诊时间的增加而增加。因此开发可识别的生物标志物，用于监测IBD患者的疾病活动和疾病进展，具有重要的临床意义。

目的 探究程序化镇痛镇静护理用于重度颅脑损伤气管插管患者护理中的价值。方法 选取2021年8月—2023年11月空军军医大学第二附属医院收治的110例重度颅脑损伤气管插管患者为研究对象，采用随机信封法将上述患者分为观察组（n=55，采用程序化镇痛镇静护理）和对照组（n=55，采用常规护理），比较2组非计划性拔管率、住院相关指标、镇痛镇静效果、颅脑损伤度、颅内压和不良反应发生率。结果 相较于术后1 d，术后3 d 2组Ramsay评分和GCS评分均升高（P均<0.05）；相较于术后3 d，术后7 d 2组Ramsay评分和GCS评分均升高（P<0.05）。相较于术后1 d，术后3 d 2组NRS评分和颅内压均降低（P<0.05）；相较于术后3 d，术后7 d 2组患者NRS评分和颅内压均降低（P<0.05），观察者不良反应发生率低于对照组（χ²=3.960，P=0.047）。结论 对于重度颅脑损伤气管插管患者而言，程序化镇痛镇静护理相较于常规护理更能降低非计划性拔管率与不良事件发生率，提高镇静镇痛效果和减轻颅脑损伤程度，更有利于减少给药剂量及促进恢复，具有临床推广价值。

Objective To investigate the interventional effect of regular far-infrared irradiation on excessive proliferation of red blood cells at high altitudes via changes in red blood cell counts and regular far infrared irradiation. Methods After rigorous screening, the subjects were randomly divided into the far-infrared intervention group and control group. Patients with chronic high-altitude diseases were excluded. The intervention group received 50 days of far-infrared radiation at the intensity of 200 W once a day. Before and after interventions, peripheral blood was collected and biochemical analysis was conducted. Self-control and intra-group comparison methods were used for statistical analysis. Results Far infrared irradiation at a wavelength of 3.5~16.0 μm and an intensity above 200 W had no adverse effects on the subjects. The intervention group showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, but an increase in blood oxygen saturation, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate（Z=－3.184, －2.919, t=3.200, 3.983; P<0.001, =0.004, 0.007, 0.002）. After interventions, the red blood cell count in the control group was increased（P=0.001）. The results of intra-group comparison showed that there were statistically significant differences in hemoglobin, red blood cell counts, and HCT between the two groups before interventions（U=74.000, 49.000, 79.500, P=0.002, <0.001, =0.004）and after interventions（H_group=10.010, 13.370, 9.381, P=0.002, <0.001, 0.002）. Conclusion Whole-body far-infrared irradiation or local irradiation for more than 30 minutes per day for 50 days can effectively curb the increase in red blood cells caused by high-altitude exposure, suggesting that regular far-infrared radiation can effectively alleviate excessive proliferation of red blood cells caused by chronic diseases related to high altitudes.

目的 通过回顾1例确诊为甲状旁腺功能亢进症伴甲状腺乳头状癌的飞行人员病例资料并复习相关文献，提高该病诊疗水平并探讨其航空医学鉴定原则。方法 回顾性分析该例患者的诊疗经过，复习相关文献。结果 该患者经完善甲状旁腺激素、血钙、尿钙测定和甲状旁腺静态显像等化验检查诊断“无症状甲状旁腺功能亢进症（无症状甲旁亢）”，同时结合甲状腺超声及甲状腺结节穿刺活检病理诊断甲状腺乳头状癌，予以甲状腺癌根治术和左甲状腺素钠片治疗，无症状甲旁亢暂无手术指征，予以动态随访相关症状并监测甲状旁腺相关指标变化。患者飞行信心不足，航空医学鉴定结论为飞行不合格。结论 甲旁亢合并甲状腺乳头状癌临床比较少见，常规术前甲状腺超声检查和甲状旁腺激素等实验室检测有助于明确术前诊断，指导手术策略；应当结合治疗效果及术后随访情况，进行科学、合理的航空医学鉴定。