抗生素相关性腹泻（antibiotic-associated diarrhea，AAD）指各种原因应用抗生素后出现腹泻等症状，是抗生素应用后最常见的并发症之一。AAD与诸多危险因素相关，并呈现出临床异质性。随着医学技术的不断进步，医学领域对AAD的认识不断加深，相关研究取得较大进展。笔者拟就AAD的相关进展进行综述，为其诊治和预防提供一定参考。

现代空军对载人离心机的技术需求在不断增加，但目前载人离心机的控制工程依然存在较大的研究空间。为了研究载人离心机控制工程技术的发展状况，笔者选取近20年来国内外该领域及相关领域的部分文献进行综述，探讨自国内第三代载人离心机投入使用以来，载人离心机控制工程在生物医学工程和软件算法等领域的新发展。笔者通过对载人离心机的控制工程进展进行总结综述，希望研究人员在今后的研究中借鉴其先进经验，为我军所用。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of VR（virtual reality）simulated flight environment provocation tests in electroencephalogram（EEG）monitoring. Methods Based on the occupational environmental characteristics of flight personnel, this study designed VR-simulated flight glasses（Patent No. ZL202320554741.9）incorporating such scenarios as aircraft takeoff and landing, formation flight, maneuvering flight, and snow flight. From September 2020 to September 2023, 60 flight personnel, 60 healthy volunteers, and 100 patients with epilepsy underwent video-EEG monitoring and VR-simulated induction tests. The effectiveness of the VR simulated induction test was demonstrated by comparing the positive detection rates in different induction tests. Results Among the 100 patients with epilepsy, 2（2%）were positive for intermittent photic stimulation（IPS）, 2（2%）for hyperventilation（HV）, and 3（3%）for the VR simulated flight test. Both IPS and HV were negative in the 60 flight personnel and 60 healthy subjects. Additionally, 1 of the 60 flight personnel experienced dizziness during the VR-simulated flight test, while 7 of the 60 healthy subjects felt dizzy during the test, with 1 discontinuing the test due to dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Conclusion The VR simulated provocation tests have demonstrated good safety and the ability to induce epileptiform discharges. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the feasibility of using this approach during EEG monitoring of aircrew members.

Objective Investigate the situation of neck and back pain in flight pilots and cadets, analyze the relevant risk factors, and provide reference for the early and targeted prevention and treatment of neck and back pain in flight pilots and cadets. Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate the incidence of neck and low back pain among pilots, the questionnaire included basic information, military training, physical training, and neck and back pain. 272 flight personnel divided into the instructor group and cadet group. Both groups were re-divided into a group with neck and low back pain and one without. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for neck and low back pain. Results Among the 272 pilots, 75（27.6%）suffered from neck and low back pain, including 15 cadets（9.3%）and 60 instructors（54.5%）, so the difference was statistically significant（χ²=67.279, P<0.001）. Forty-one pilots were afflicted with chronic neck and low back pain（15.1%）, including 4 cadets（2.5%）and 37 instructors（33.6%）, and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=49.714, P<0.001）. The difference in the incidence of neck and back pain between pilots of different age groups, BMI, and flight time was statistically significant（χ²=64.022, 23.585, 73.262, all P<0.001）. The incidence among pilots ages 31 and older, with a BMI of above 24 kg/m²and a flight time over 1 000 h was higher than among those ages 30 and younger, whose BMI was below 24 kg/m² and flight time was 1 000 h or less（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in military training, physical training, and neck and back pain among flight trainees and instructors with or without neck and back pain in each group（all P<0.05）. The risk factors for neck and low back pain among pilots included a cumulative flight time of over 1 000~2 000 h（OR=14.191, 95%CI: 4.213~47.802, P<0.001）and 2 000 h（OR=18.412, 95%CI: 6.850~49.492, P<0.001）, invasive treatment（OR=13.835, 95%CI: 2.264~84.549, P=0.004）, poor posture（OR=3.937, 95%CI: 1.649~9.398, P=0.002）and improper methods of exercise（OR=2.735, 95%CI: 1.096~6.824, P=0.002）. The risk factors in the instructor group included a flight time of over 1 000~2 000 h（OR=115.580, 95%CI: 3.164~4 221.890, P=0.010）and 2 000 h（OR=197.790, 95%CI: 5.226~7 486.187, P=0.004）, lack of guidance for prevention and treatment of neck and low back pain（OR=20.010, 95%CI: 3.932~101.836, P<0.001）, poor posture at ordinary times（OR=4.586, 95%CI: 1.232~17.075, P=0.023）and too long a single flight（OR=5.346, 95%CI: 1.347~21.212, P=0.017）. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of neck and low back pain require attention to both flight related factors and non-flight factors so as to effectively reduce the prevalence of neck and low back pain among flight personnel.

Objective To investigate the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice（KAP）as well as dietary and nutritional status of pilots, and analyze the results in conjunction with physical examination so as to provide data for related dietary and nutrition support. Methods A total of 438 pilots in Qingdao and Hangzhou Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected using the random sampling method and investigated with a nutritional KAP questionnaire, whose dietary status was studied using the weighing method for three consecutive days. At the same time, physical examination was carried out. Results The highest and lowest score of nutritional KAP of the pilots was 46 and 30 respectively, with an average score of 39.26±4.03（the full score was 50 points）. Compared with the standard dietary reference intakes, the daily intakes of meat, poultry and vegetable oil by each pilot exceeded standards, while the intakes of cereals, aquatic products, fruits, beans and dairy products fell short of the standard. The intakes of energy, protein, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, selenium, vitamin E, vitamin A and niacin exceeded the standard, while those of vitamin B₂, vitamin B₁ and zinc were insufficient. The over-intake of energy was related to the excessive intake of cooking oil while the excessive sodium intake was associated with excessive salt intake. Compared with the standard dietary reference intakes, the energy supply ratio was higher in protein and fat, but lower in carbohydrates. There were 348 patients with abnormal physical examination, accounting for 79.45%. The detection rates of overweight, hyperuricemia, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia were 39.04%, 16.21%, 9.13% and 7.08%, respectively. Conclusion The nutritional KAP levels of pilots is low and the dietary structure is unbalanced. The incidence of overweight, hyperuricaemia, fatty liver, and hyperlipidaemia are high. There is a high correlation between the three factors. Actively carry out diet nutrition and health education for flight personnel, strengthen scientific meal preparation guidance, and reduce the incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Objective To explore the changes of physiological indexes in 24-hour marine survival training, and to provide a reference for exploring health protection methods for marine survival training. Methods Sixteen soldiers well-trained in aviation lifesaving were selected from an Air Force base. They were divided into the morning group（9:00）and the afternoon group（18:00）according to the time of skydiving into the water. Body composition, blood pressure, and urine routines were measured before and after 24-hour marine survival training. The physiological changes of diet, water intake, urine outputs, body temperature, and heart rate were recorded. Results After marine survival training, weight, FFM, muscle mass, tobal body water, tobal body water ratio and BMI of the sixteen soldiers decreased（t=5.555~18.944, all P<0.001）while body fat ratio（t=3.330, P=0.005）, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure（t=5.393, 3.706, P<0.001, =0.002）increased. The changes of urine were abnormal in four subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in body composition, blood pressure, urine pH or urine specific gravity between the morning and afternoon groups before and after training（P>0.05）. During the marine survival training, the lowest dietary intake was 36.5 g while the highest was 292.0 g. Two of the subjects drank no water, the highest water intake was 500 ml among the rest. The urine outputs ranged from 500 to 3 000 ml. Rash and skin pruritus were found in eleven subjects. The average axillary body temperature of the morning group was higher than that of the afternoon group totally in the water. The average heart rate of the morning group was lower than that of the afternoon group. There was statistically significant difference between the morning and afternoon groups in axillary temperature and heart rate that changed with the length of time in the water（F=18.456, 29.114, P=0.005, 0.001）. Conclusion During the 24 hours of marine survival training, body temperature and heart rate were relatively stable. After training, the subjects lost weight, total body water decreased, and skin discomfort was common, which can provide a reference for aeromedical support for marine survival training.

Objective To analyze the clinical and endoscopic features and prognostic factors of primary small intestinal lymphoma in order to improve the diagnostic efficiency and provide data for prognostic evaluation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data and endoscopic features of patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma who had accepted balloon-assisted enteroscopy（BAE）at our center between January 2008 and November 2022. Treatments and prognosis were evaluated after a detailed follow-up. The clinical manifestations and endoscopic features of small intestinal lymphoma patients were summarized according to pathological types and clinical stages. Also, the survival curve after diagnosis and poor prognosis（death）related factors were analyzed. Independent predictors of poor prognosis（death）were explored via the COX proportional-hazards model. Results Thirty-three patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma with follow-up results were included for analysis, with an average age of（55.8±1.6） years old. The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain（75.8%）, gastrointestinal obstruction（48.6%）, gastrointestinal bleeding（39.4%）, and weight loss（45.5%）. The pathological types of cases were B-cell lymphoma（28 cases, 84.8%）and T-cell lymphoma（5 cases, 15.2%）. The former included 17 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma（51.5%）, 6 cases of follicular cell lymphoma（18.2%）, and 5 cases of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma（MALT lymphoma）（15.2%）. The diagnostic rate of endoscopic biopsy for B-cell lymphoma was relatively high（>80%）, while the rate of pathological diagnosis of MALT lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma was reduced with BAE-biopsy. Patients with advanced imaging staging had a significantly higher risk of death, and there was significant difference in median survival time between the two groups of patients（P<0.05）. Independent risk factors for death in patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma included moderate to severe anemia（HR=6.377，95%CI: 1.245~32.657, P=0.026）, T-cell lymphoma（HR=24.694, 95%CI: 2.978~204.767, P=0.003）, and progression stage in imaging assessment（HR=6.923, 95%CI: 1.871~25.620, P=0.004）. Conclusion BAE combined with biopsy is critical to the diagnosis of small intestinal lymphoma. Moderate to severe anemia, progression stage in imaging assessment, and T-cell lymphoma might be associated with poor prognosis for small intestinal lymphoma.

Objective To establish an evaluation method for visual attention ability in flight spatial orientation. Methods 168 fighter pilots took part in the study. Thirty-two fighter pilots were selected as the subjects before tasks and indicators for evaluation were determined via experiments using static attention scales, desktop dynamic simulation flight experimental systems, and illusion simulation training systems. An evaluation system was developed and 35 pilots were enrolled in the experiment to test the reliability and validity of the system. Test data from 195 pilots was used to establish the score norm for evaluation. Results The dual task in which the primary task was simulating flight while the secondary task was responding to the warning information was used as the evaluation paradigm. The primary task involved five tasks of simulating flight combat or stages, while the secondary tasks included 2-level response tasks to information on warning and attention. Thirteen evaluation indicators were identified. The retest reliability and criterion-related validity of the evaluation system were 0.993 and 0.753, respectively, both of which were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Tasks and indexes for evaluation of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation have been established, which have proved the good reliability and validity of the system. At the same time, a set of evaluation methods has been established, which can be used for the selection, evaluation and training of pilots' visual attention ability in spatial orientation.

Objective To find out the nutritional status of aircrews and explore the correlations between blood metabolism indexes and body composition indexes in order to provide data for proper nutrition and training among aircrews. Methods During health checkups, the body composition of aircrews was measured who were recuperating between July and November in our center. The metabolism-related indexes and body composition indexes of these aircrews were collected, their nutritional status was evaluated and the correlations between those indexes were analyzed. Results The abnormal rates of those indexes were high. Total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）, fasting blood glucose（FBG）, blood uric acid（BUA）were positively correlated with the body mass index（BMI）, body fat mass, body fat percentage，visceral fat area, and waist to hip ratio respectively（P<0.01）while high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）was negatively correlated with the BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage and visceral fat area（P<0.01）. Conclusion The abnormal rates of metabolism-related indexes and body composition indexes are high. The two types of indexes are closely correlated. Body composition analysis could be included during physical examinations. Nutritionists should conduct precise nutrition assessment and dietary guidance by analyzing those indexes so as to improve the health of aircrews.

Objective To explore the curative effect of auricular point sticking and pressing combined with acupoint massage against adverse reactions of chemotherapy among pancreatic cancer patients. Methods Ninety-three patients under pancreatic cancer chemotherapy were randomized to the control group, experimental group A and in experimental group B, with 31 in each group. Patients in the control group underwent conventional treatment, those in experimental group A received conventional treatment plus auricular point sticking and pressing, and those in experimental group B were given conventional treatment plus auricular point sticking and pressing and acupuncture massage. The physical symptoms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue and self-efficacy were observed. Results After 48 h of intervention, the Index of Nausea，Vomiting and Retching of all 3 groups were lower than those at 12 h and 24 h after intervention（all P<0.001）; the Index of Nausea，Vomiting and Retching of the control group were higher than those of the trial 1 and 2 groups（P<0.009, P<0.001, respectively）, and the scores of the trial 1 group were higher than those of the trial 2 group（P=0.014）. After 48 h of intervention, the scores of Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised were lower in all 3 groups than at 12 h and 24 h post-intervention（all P<0.001）; the scores of Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised scores were lower in trial 1 and 2 groups than in the control group（P<0.038, P<0.012, respectively）, and there was no difference between trial 1 group and 2 group（P=0.969）.After 48h of intervention, the scores of Strategies Used by People to Promote Health decreased in the control group compared to 12 h and 24 h post-intervention（both P<0.001）, while the scores in trial 1 and 2 groups increased compared to 12 h and 24 h post-intervention（both P<0.001）; the scores of Strategies Used by People to Promote Health in trial 1 and 2 groups were significantly higher than those in the control group（both P<0.001）, while the scores in trial 2 group were slightly higher than those in trial 1 group（P=0.132）. Conclusion Compared with the conventional treatment of pancreatic cancer, auricular point sticking and pressing combined with acupoint massage can effectively mitigate adverse reactions in the process of chemotherapy, lower the incidence of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, reduce the pressure of patients under treatment, enhance patients' self-efficacy, help patients face up to treatment.

Objective To explore the impact of pilots' visual attention features on combat performance during simulated air-to-air combat, and provide data for simulated air-to-air combat training. Methods A total of 25 pilots were selected as the subjects to complete simulated air to air combat tasks on a computer wearing an eye tracking device that recorded the pilots' eye movement while the computer recorded related combat performance indicators such as the time taken to complete a task and results of attacks. Eye movement indicators related to visual attention were selected before correlations with the time taken to complete a task were analyzed and a correlation regression model was constructed to study the differences in eye movement indicators between pilots with successful attacks and those whose attacks failed. Results There was a significant positive correlation between eleven eye tracking indicators and the time taken to lock in the enemy's aircraft（r=0.399-0.657, all P<0.05）.A linear regression equation was constructed that involved such eye movement indicators as the number of fixations on the radar image area, the entry time of the first complete fixation in the data area of the enemy's aircraft, the latency time of first complete fixation on the area of height data, and the average time taken by complete fixation on the task command area（R²=0.712, F=12.375, P<0.001）. There were four eye movement indicators that were significantly negatively correlated with attack duration（r=－0.459, －0.486, －0.480, －0.420, all P<0.05）. A linear regression equation between eye movement indicators and the time taken by an attack was constructed involving six eye movement indicators, including the total time of gaze at the radar image area, the number of gazes at the radar image area, the number of scans in the radar image area, the number of scans in the locked image area, the entry speed of peak scans in the airspeed data area, and the entry speed of peak scans in the data area of the enemy's aircraft（R²=0.736, F=3.540, P=0.017）. Compared with pilots who failed in an attack, the successful pilots had shorter latency times in the first fixation on the area of height data, the first complete fixation on the area of height data, the first complete fixation on the area of data on enemy's aircraft, and the first departure from the area of data on enemy's aircraft, and the differences were statistically significant（t=－2.206~－2.059, all P<0.05）. Conclusion In simulated air combat scenarios, pilots exhibit distinct visual attention patterns, and their eye tracking indicators can provide important data for simulated air-to-air combat training.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and prognostic value of cytochrome b synthase（CYB）561 in breast cancer. Methods The expression level of CYB561 was compared between 76 patients with breast cancer and 40 patients with benign breast disease by immunohistochemistry. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival and log-rank test was performed. Determinants of survival prognosis of breast cancer were explored via COX regression analysis. Results The results of immunohistochemical scoring showed that the expression level of CYB561 was higher in breast cancer tissues than in normal ones（t=7.33, P=0.005）, and in patients with pathological grade Ⅲ breast cancer than in those who pathological grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ（t=12.32, P<0.001）. The difference in expression levels of CYB561 in the four breast cancer subtypes subjected to ANOVA between the four groups was statistically significant（F=229.247, P<0.001）. Multiple comparisons showed that CYB561 expression levels were elevated in TNBC patients compared with Luminal A, Luminal B and HER2-positive patients（t=14.054, 15.899, 12.538, all P<0.001）. In addition, the difference in CYB561 expression levels in estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status was statistically significant（t=7.54, 2.51, both P<0.001）.The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that patients in the CYB561 high-expression group showed shorter 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival than those in the CYB561 low expression group[（41.09±1.50）months vs（52.56±1.74）months,（25.39±1.99）months vs（33.42±2.34）months,（χ²=7.780, 5.219, P=0.005, 0.022）]. The results of COX regression analyses showed that the expression level of CYB561（HR=0.244, 95%CI=0.085~0.697, P=0.008）could make a difference to the survival prognosis of breast cancer patients. Conclusion CYB561 may play an important role in the development of breast cancer, and its expression level can be used as a potential biomarker for prognosis evaluation and diagnosis of breast cancer patients.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, characterized by low atmospheric pressure, low oxygen pressure, and a cold climate. Various systems and organs in the human body can be affected to different extents due to its unique geographical environment. The male reproductive system is particularly sensitive to low oxygen conditions, and exposure to the plateau environment may impact male sexual function and spermatogenesis, potentially leading to reduced serum hormone levels, decreased sperm quality, and damage to testicular tissue. This article summarizes the effects on and changes in human functions, the male reproductive system, and the ultrastructure of the testes under different time frames of exposure to the plateau environment.

Objective To explore the detection rate of pulmonary nodules and influencing factors in military aircrews. Methods A total of 2 283 military aircrews who were recuperating in Qingdao Navy Special Service Recuperation Center in 2022 were selected as subjects. Low-dose spiral computed tomography（LDCT）of the chests was performed on all the subjects, and 225 cases of pulmonary nodules were detected, all of which were benign ones. These subjects were divided into the pulmonary nodule group（n=225）and non-pulmonary nodule group（n=2 058）. Data on their gender, age, height, weight, aircraft type, cumulative flight time, personnel type, education level, birthplace, family history of cancer, long-term smoking history, long-term drinking history, novel coronavirus（COVID-19 for short）infection history, white blood cell count（WBC）, platelet count（PLT）, long-term exercise, eating habits, sleep quality, stress, work or life satisfaction was collected. χ² test or t-test analysis was used to find out about the difference between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors for pulmonary nodules in military aircrews. Results A total of 225 cases of pulmonary nodules were detected in 2 283 military aircrews, with a detection rate of 9.86%. There were 162 cases of single pulmonary nodules and 63 cases of multiple ones. Three hundred and twenty-six pulmonary nodules were detected. Among them 61 were in the upper-left lobe, 66 in the upper-right lobe, 32 in the middle right lobe, 89 in the lower left lobe, and 78 in the lower right lobe. Pulmonary nodule size: 233 nodules with a diameter less than 5 millimeters, 91 nodules with a diameter between 5 and 10 millimeters, and 2 nodules with a diameter greater than 10 to 19 millimeters. As for density, 259 were solid nodules, 26 partially solid nodules, and 41 non-solid nodules（ground glass nodules）. The results of single factor analysis showed that the odds of pulmonary nodules in military aircrews were related to age（t=8.882, P<0.001）, cumulative flight time（χ²=9.511, P=0.023）, long-term smoking history（χ²=15.595, P<0.001）, long-term exercise（χ²=10.053, P=0.002）and diet habits（χ²=6.777, P=0.009）. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of aircraft and personnel, age, long-term smoking history and heavy flavored diet（salty, spicy, greasy）were independent risk factors for pulmonary nodules in military aircrews（OR=1.275, 5.237, 1.568, 95%CI: 1.104~2.689, 1.873~8.635, 1.123~3.356, all P<0.001）, while long-term exercise was an independent protective factor against pulmonary nodules（OR=0.572, 95%CI: 0.568~0.902, P<0.001）. Conclusion The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in military aircrews is lower than in general populations, and its occurrence is related to various factors, among which age, long-term smoking history, heavy taste diet（salty, spicy, greasy）are independent risk factors while long-term exercise is an independent protective factor.

血流限制训练（blood flow restriction training，BFRT）是一种新兴的训练方法，通过部分限制动脉血流、完全限制静脉血流，结合较小的训练强度，达到高强度抗阻训练的效果。这种训练方法现已扩展到许多领域，包括力量训练、术后康复和预防肌肉萎缩等。BFRT相较于传统康复训练具有运动强度小、安全、无创和易操作性等特点，笔者总结了BFRT在运动损伤康复中的应用，分别从概念、作用机制、临床应用和使用方法等方面进行阐述，以期为BFRT的临床应用和研究提供参考依据。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of asthenopia symptoms among Air Force soldiers and identify the determinants so as to provide technical support for maintaining visual health. Methods A nationwide and cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2023 and January 2024 in Air Force, involving the 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire (ASQ-11) and related influencing factors that were analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to identify factors related to asthenopia. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlations between ASQ-11 and Ocular Surface Disease Index（OSDI）scales. Results A total of 1 104 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 90.71%, and 1 065 participants were enrolled in the study, including 356 pilots and 709 other personnel. The detection rate of asthenopia was 32.87% for pilots and 20.87% for other military personnel, suggesting that the detection rate of asthenopia among pilots was higher（χ²=18.231, P<0.001）. There was significant difference between pilots of different types of aircraft（χ²=10.260, P=0.006）, but no significant difference between other personnel（χ²=1.175, P=0.278）. For pilots, the risk factors for asthenopia included age（OR=1.092, 95%CI: 1.043~1.146）, poor sleep（OR=2.152, 95%CI: 1.059~4.492）, jobs involving electronic screens（OR=2.321, 95%CI: 1.078~5.167）, more than 4 hours of reading close to electronic products（OR=2.840, 95%CI: 1.111~7.594）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.304, 95%CI: 1.233~1.392）. For personnel other than pilots, working in Central China（OR=2.175, 95%CI: 1.007~4.591）, refractive errors（OR=2.670，95%CI：1.579~4.531）, poor sleep（OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.373~3.977）, reading close to non-electronic products for more than 4 hours（OR=2.679, 95%CI: 1.204~5.829）, and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores（OR=1.153, 95%CI: 1.124~1.186）were risk factors. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the ASQ-11 and OSDI scores（r=0.768, P<0.001 for pilots and r=0.725, P<0.001 for other military personnel）. Conclusion The detection rate of asthenopia in Air Force is relatively high. Related clinicians should get involved in the risk management of asthenopia. Precautions have to be taken to ensure the visual health of Air Force soldiers.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of bilateral knee flexor and extensor muscle strength under different angular velocities in order to prevent knee injuries in fighter pilots. Methods Isokinetic plyometric tests were performed on 339 fighter pilots at three different angular velocities－60, 180°/s and 300°/s. The peak torque of bilateral knee flexion and extension, the peak torque/body weight ratio, work fatigue, and the hamstring/quadriceps（H/Q）ratio were analyzed. Results At different angular velocities, there was statistically significant difference in the maximum muscle strength of bilateral knee joint flexion and extension（F_{angular velocity}=6 568.537, 1 048.388, both P<0.001）and in the work fatigue of the flexor and extensor muscles of both knee joints（F_{angular velocity}=0.456, 0.285, P<0.001, =0.593）, especially between the dominant and non-dominant sides（F_bilateral=399.862, 415.773, both P<0.001）. The H/Q values of both knee joint flexion and extension were significant different at various angular velocities（F_{angular velocity}=6 216.789, P<0.001）, and between the dominant and non-dominant sides（F_bilateral=13 813.530, P<0.001）. Conclusion Bilateral knee extensor muscle strength of fighter pilots is higher than the average of sports population, but flexor muscle strength is generally lower. Fighter pilots should enhance hamstring muscle strength and quadriceps endurance to improve the balance of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength, thus improving knee stability and reducing knee training injuries.

Objective To assess the potential role of routine blood, coagulation, and thyroid function indices as well as inhibin A（INH-A）levels in predicting the risk of preeclampsia（PE）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 120 pregnant women who had delivered in Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital between July 2017 and July 2019, including 60 PE patients（experimental group）and 60 healthy pregnant women（control group）. Blood routine, coagulation, thyroid function indexes, and INH-A levels in both groups were collected and analyzed. Independent samples t-test, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve analysis were applied to assess the predictive value of these indicators for PE. Results White blood cell（WBC）count and mean platelet volume（MPV）were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（t=2.982, 2.236, P=0.007, <0.001）, but prothrombin time（PT）and activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）were significantly shorter（t=0.759, 13.780, both P<0.001）. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）and INH-A in the experimental group were higher than in the control group, while the free thyroxine（FT₄）level was lower, and the differences were statistically significant（t=5.067, 8.888, 2.657, all P<0.001）. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that MPV（OR=3.574，95%CI: 1.230~10.389, P=0.019）, TSH（OR=12.731, 95%CI: 1.565~103.545, P=0.017）, and INH-A（OR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.003~1.038, P=0.024）were risk factors for PE, while APTT（OR=0.263, 95%CI: 0.109~0.634, P=0.003）was a protective factor for PE. The area under the ROC curve for MPV was 0.794, with a sensitivity of 0.650 and a specificity of 0.500 when 10.210fl was used as the cut-off value. The area under the ROC curve for APTT was 0.974, with a cut-off value of 32.185s as the cut-off value, and the sensitivity was 0.933 and the specificity was 0.883. The area under the ROC curve for TSH was 0.853, and the sensitivity was 0.900 and the specificity was 0.550 with 3.330 mIU/L as the cut-off value. The optimal cut-off value of INH-A was 758.50 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 0.733 and a specificity of 0.917. Conclusion MPV, PT, TSH, and INH-A levels are closely associated with the development of PE and can be used as early predictive biomarkers for PE. This study provides biological data for clinical prediction and intervention of PE.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical features and aeromedical evaluations of aircrews with hemifacial spasm（HFS）based on hospitalized cases in Air Force Medical Center and related literature in order to provide references for the treatment and aviation medical identification of HFS in pilots. Methods Using a retrospective study, the electronic case retrieval system of the Air Force Medical Center in the space of 2008-2021 and medical literature databases（from 1970 to December 2021）were searched for cases or clinical research reports of HFS in flight personnel. The general condition, data on flight, clinical manifestations, treatments, prognosis, and aviation medical identification results of the retrieved HFS patients in flight personnel were analyzed and summarized. Results Eight cases with HFS were found in this study, including 6 pilots, 1 correspondent, and 1 machinist ages 27 to 55. Three of these cases were asymptomatic and the rest were symptomatic. Three asymptomatic cases were assessed as qualified for flight by an aeromedical evaluation. One symptomatic case treated with microvascular decompression was given waiver consideration and three symptomatic cases treated with carbamazepine were given flight disqualification due to persistent symptoms. The other one experienced symptom relief without treatment and was given flying qualification. Conclusion Visual interference, eye irritation, tears, difficulties in reading and driving caused by HFS in pilots will pose a threat to flight safety. The HFS clinical scale can help to accurately evaluate the flight risk of HFS, and microvascular decompression surgery should be recommended as the optimal treatment for HFS in pilots with blood vessels accompanying facial nerves displayed on magnetic resonance imaging. Flight risks should be assessed in conjunction with the clinical symptoms, therapies and outcomes.

Objective To analyze the disqualification situation, changing trend and influencing factors of of the teenagers aviation school（TASAF）in the final stage of medical selection of PLA Air Force pilot cadets during 2018-2022, and to provide reference for improving the mechanism of selecting and preserving seedlings in TASAF. Methods Take the cross-sectional survey method, through EXCEL 2010 to establish a database, and the use SPSS 26 ayalysis the data.Summarize the disqualification data during the final stage of medical selection of the TASAF cadets in the past five years, Statistics and analysis of the overall disqualification rate, the departments-related disqualification rate, the main causes for disqualification in each department, and the disqualification rate of each selection center. Results The annual disqualification rate of the TASAF cadets fixation fluctuated up and down around the overall five-year disqualification rate of 34.52%. The disqualification rate in 2022 is 29.97%, reaching a historical low. Ophthalmology, radiology, and surgery ranking in the top three; out of the top ten causes for disqualification, 8 are ophthalmic disorders, with emphasis on the prevention and treatment of internal medicine, radiology, and otorhinolaryngology, with significant differences in the disqualification rates of the various selection centers（χ²=65.570, P=0.047）. Conclusion The quality of the enter selection of TASAF cadets and the level of maintenance during their stay at the TASAF have a significant impact on the disqualification rate.

Objective To explore the medical support measures for fighter pilots under the new training mode. Methods A total of 119 pilots were selected from April 2023 to July 2023 for third-generation aircraft modification training in Air Force Medical Center, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was given new medical safeguards, and the control group was given traditional medical safeguards. The one-time passing rate of manned centrifuge was compared between the two groups, and the effects of aeromedicine knowledge, sleep quality, military sports performance and urban and rural differences on the passing rate were analyzed. Results After the intervention of the new medical safeguard measures, the one-time centrifuge passing rate of the experimental group was 91.67%, and the one-time centrifuge passing rate of the control group was 74.57%, with statistical significance（χ²=6.214, P=0.013）. Aeromedical knowledge（χ²=6.207, P=0.045）, military sports performance（χ²=33.261, P<0.001）, sleep quality（χ²=10.122, P=0.006）, anxiety state（χ²=8.428, P=0.014）and all had significant effects on the one-time pass rate of centrifuges, and the difference was statistically significant, while the difference between urban and rural areas had no statistically significant effect on the one-time pass rate（χ²=0.486，P=0.486）. Conclusion The new medical safeguard measures can improve the one-time passing rate of fighter pilot manned centrifuge under the new training mode.

目的 研究连续血液净化治疗中血流方向对滤器凝血的影响。方法 选择2020年5月—2024年3月山西医科大学第二医院重症医学科收治的180例急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury，AKI）患者予以连续肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement therapy，CRRT）疗法治疗，依据随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组各90例。对照组与试验组在血流方向方面的设置分别为滤器内垂直向下与滤器内垂直向上。在治疗后24 h，依据对凝血分级的评定，比对2组患者滤器凝血总发生率；观察2组患者治疗前、后的各项血液指标及跨膜压和静脉压。结果 治疗后24 h，试验组的滤器凝血发生率低于对照组（χ²=5.760，P=0.016）；治疗前，2组各项血液指标的比较结果差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05），试验组的血小板计数和D-二聚体治疗前后差值均低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（t=5.310、11.257，P均<0.001）；治疗前，2组跨膜压、静脉压差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），而在治疗后24 h，试验组的上述2项指标均低于对照组，2组治疗前后差值的差异均具有统计学意义（t=21.295、28.215，P均<0.001）。结论 血流方向在滤器内垂直向上能有效降低CRRT治疗中滤器凝血的发生率。

Objective To investigate the sleep quality and perceived stress of military aircrews and the moderating effects of coping styles. Methods The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）scale, the Perceived Stress Scale（PSS）, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）were employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 102 military aircrews. The results of the survey were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and moderation effect analysis on 98 valid questionnaires. Results The total score of PSQI for military aircrews was（7.95±3.03）points, and 39.80% of these aircrews（39/98）had sleep disorders（PSQI≥8 points）. The total score of PSS was（25.85±8.15）points, with 34.69%（34/98）experiencing high levels of stress and 6.12%（6/98）experiencing extremely high levels of stress. The sleep quality index was positively correlated with perceived stress and negative coping（r/r_s=0.909, 0.901, all P<0.001）, while positive coping was negatively correlated with the sleep quality index, perceived stress, and negative coping（r/r_s=－0.865, －0.911, －0.898, all P<0.001）. Positive coping styles played a moderating role in the relationships between perceived stress and sleep quality（P<0.001）, while negative coping styles had no moderating effect（P=0.676）. Conclusion Military aircrews have suboptimal sleep quality. The greater the stress, the poorer the sleep quality. Positive coping styles can mitigate the negative impact of stress on sleep quality.

Objective This study endeavors to undertake a comprehensive investigation into the clinical data of patients with cervical disc herniation who are receiving treatment informed by the principles of Feng's manipulation（FSM）therapy. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 21 patients diagnosed with cervical disc herniation who underwent Feng's spinal manipulation（FSM）therapy at the Air Force Medical Center from December 2021 to December 2022, 14 cases were radiculopathy type and 7 cases were myelopathy type. Outcome measures included clinical efficacy（VAS, NDI, and mJOA scores）, body posture changes（assessed using deep learning-based human key point detection technology）, joint capsule tenderness（evaluated using NRS and Wong-Baker scales）, and radiographic parameters（C₂-C₇ Cobb angle, cervical centroid line angle, CCL, lumbar lordosis, LL, thoracic kyphosis, TK, Pavlov ratio, and sagittal index, SI）. Results Compared with before treatment, both groups showed a decrease in VAS scores（P=0.001~0.017）and NDI scores（all P<0.001）at discharge and long-term follow-up, and an increase in mJOA scores（P=0.001~0.005）. The radiculopathy group demonstrated significant changes in shoulder balance angle pre- and post-treatment（F=8.589, P=0.001）. Both groups exhibited a sharp reduction in NRS and W-B scores for joint capsule tenderness after treatment of distal vertebral displacement（t=13.015~39.782, all P≤0.001）. The radiculopathy group showed increased Pavlov ratio and decreased SI after treatment（t=3.404, 4.474, P=0.005, 0.001）. Conclusion Cervical disc herniation is attributable to a comprehensive internal-external spinal imbalance. Intervention utilizing Feng's Spinal Manipulation（FSM）therapy addresses the subluxation of single or multiple vertebrae, with the ultimate goal of reinstating spinal balance and achieving clinical cure.

通过文献和案例分析梳理颌面战创伤伤病员空运后送时的护理问题，并进行理论分析、小组讨论及专家咨询，提出护理对策。护理问题包括机上体位、气道护理、伤口护理、呕吐预防、疼痛护理、心理护理和并发症鉴别等方面。而护理对策有视伤情选择体位、加强伤口护理，加强观察生命体征、呼吸管路，密切观察患者面色、表情、肢体语言和心理状态等，密切关注鉴别诊断相关生命体征和症状等。目前，我国军队在颌面战创伤伤病员空运医疗后送的空中护理方面，尚缺乏理论支撑，笔者对其进行总结，以期为该问题提供参考。

Objective To investigate hospitalizations and influencing factors among military flying personnel within one year. Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 056 flying personnel from Air Force stations or aviation units as the subjects. Data on their overall health, hospitalization within one year, and health behavior was collected for statistical analysis. Results A total of 964 valid questionnaires were collected during this survey. There were 138 hospitalizations within one year, accounting for 14.32%. There were significant differences in rates of hospitalization between flying personnel of different ages（χ²=15.74, P<0.001）, lengths of service（χ²=7.73, P=0.021）, levels of education（χ²=6.29, P=0.012）, types of aircraft（χ²=23.42, P<0.001）, aircraft models（χ²=17.33, P<0.001）, marital status（χ²=7.71, P=0.006）, daily flight frequency（χ²=6.84, P=0.009）, and cumulative flying hours（χ²=11.23, P=0.004）within one year. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with hospitalization within one year were age（OR=1.968, 95%CI: 1.375~2.817）, medications（OR=5.613, 95%CI: 2.454~12.834）, health concerns（OR=3.225, 95%CI: 1.497~6.948）and depression（OR=1.775, 95%CI: 1.062~2.967）. The protective factors included aircraft types（OR=0.440, 95%CI: 0.311~0.622）, only child（OR=0.532, 95%CI: 0.324~0.871）, daily flight frequency of flight missions（OR=0.472, 95%CI: 0.285~0.784）, rational diets（OR=0.585, 95%CI: 0.347~0.988）and job satisfaction（OR=0.497, 95%CI: 0.268~0.923）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted on the risk factors for musculoskeletal system diseases among hospitalized pilots within one year. The results showed that the risk factors for musculoskeletal system diseases within one year were overweight/obesity（OR=2.790, 95%CI: 1.296~6.004）and medication use（OR=4.112, 95%CI: 1.487~11.373）; The protective factor is life satisfaction（OR=0.397, 95%CI: 0.176~0.894）. Conclusion There are many factors that influence hospitalizations among flying personnel. In training and daily health care, proper training, regular work and rest, and psychological counseling are critical to the physical and mental health of military flying personnel.

Objective To formulate the development of an autonomous training program for psychological resilience in order to enhance the psychological resilience of pilots, improve their stress resistance and sleep quality, and prove the utility of this training method. Methods A total of 234 pilots who were recuperating in Dalian Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from March 2021 to January 2023 were randomly stratified and divided into a training group and a control group. In addition to routine recuperation, the training group received an autonomous training program for psychological resilience, while the control group did not. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISE）was used to evaluate changes in psychological resilience, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）and Polysomnography（PSG） were adopted to evaluate subjective and objective quantification of sleep quality and study the effects of this training on sleep. Results The resilience factor（t=2.534, P=0.025）, belief factor（t=2.379, P=0.032）, and total psychological resilience score（t=2.490, P=0.028）of the training group increased after training, and the differences were statistically significant. After training, the training group showed significant improvements in subjective sleep quality（Z=3.918, P<0.001）, sleep time（Z=2.201, P=0.027）, falling asleep time（Z=2.178, P=0.037）, sleep efficiency（Z=2.378, P=0.018）, sleep disorders（Z=3.228, P=0.001）, daytime dysfunction（Z=4.908, P<0.001）, and PSQI total score（Z=3.790, P<0.001）. The subjective sleep quality（Z=2.804, P=0.020）, sleep time（Z=2.200, P=0.028）, falling asleep time（Z=2.073, P=0.048）, and PSQI total score（Z=2.992, P=0.016）of the control group improved to a certain extent after routine recuperation. The results of multi-channel sleep monitoring data showed that after training, the total sleep time（t=6.973, P=0.015）, sleep latency（t=5.166, P=0.032）, REM latency（t=5.490, P=0.028）, and sleep efficiency（t=5.021, P=0.041）were significantly different. During the non-rapid eye movement phase, the sleep time in N1 phase decreased（t=5.247, P=0.036）, but that in N2 phase（t=6.268, P=0.023）and N3 phase（t=5.232, P=0.038）increased（P<0.05）. The control group showed improvement in both subjective and objective sleep indicators, but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion The psychological resilience training program can improve the psychological resilience of pilots, and there is a significant improvement in the subjective and objective experiences of sleep quality.

人工智能技术（artificial intelligence，AI）不断发展并逐渐应用于解决航空医学中飞行员选拔训练、医疗诊断等方面出现的问题。笔者从飞行员选拔、健康监测、航空人因工程及航空医学训练等多个研究方向整理归纳出AI在航空医学领域中的重要应用，并分析其潜在的发展趋势。

Objective To analyze the effect and safety of foldable artificial vitreous body, and explore its advantages and limitations. Methods Five patients（five eyes）who underwent foldable artificial vitreous balloon implantation surgery at the Air Force Medical Center from October 2022 to December 2023 were selected, including four males and one female, two silicone oil dependent eye, and three eyeball rupture injuries. The clinical data of these five patients were retrospectively analyzed, including their general condition, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, axial length measurement, ophthalmic B-ultrasound, corneal endothelial count, balloon model, and silicone oil filling amount. Results Among the 5 patients, the mean age was（28.20±9.15）. The postoperative IOP of（13.00±4.85）mmHg was significantly different from that of the preoperative IOP of（9.40±4.62）mmHg（t=－4.129, P=0.014）. By the end of the last follow-up in February 2024, the position of the balloon in all three cases was not skewed or damaged, and the drainage tube was not exposed. The most common postoperative complications were hyphema and shallow anterior chamber. Conclusion FCVB implant surgery is a safe and effective method for treating ruptured eyes and silicone oil-dependent eyes. However, attention should be paid to timely treatment of complications.

Objective Analysis of the Effects of Tongmai Drink and Rivaroxaban on Postoperative Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Formation in Elderly Patients with Intertrochanteric Fractures. Methods Data from 100 confirmed patients treated from January 2022 to January 2023 were analyzed in the Sixth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. The patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group, with 50 patients in each group. After admission, both groups underwent complete examinations, and post-surgery observations were made in the anesthesia recovery room. Following assessment by an anesthesiologist, patients were transferred to the ward for dynamic monitoring of vital signs. Postoperatively, the control group received Rivaroxaban, while the study group received Tongmai Drink in addition to Rivaroxaban. Both groups were treated for 35 days and followed up one month after surgery. The conditions of the lower limbs and changes in relevant laboratory indicators were observed, and the incidence rates of postoperative venous thromboembolism and adverse drug reactions during the medication period were recorded. Results On the 10th and 15th day after surgery in both groups, the lower limb circumference difference in the study group was smaller than that in the control group（t=5.781~17.295, all P<0.001）. After the same intervention time of 7 days, the coagulation related indicators and hemorheological indicators in the study group were better than those in the control group（t=2.047~5.021, all P<0.05）. Follow up after discharge showed that 4 cases in the study group had bleeding events, 3 cases had deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs; 7 cases in the control group had bleeding events, and 10 cases had deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs（χ²=0.706, 4.000, P=0.401, 0.046）. Conclusion The combination of Tongmai Drink and Rivaroxaban is beneficial for reducing postoperative risk in elderly patients, thereby promoting better patient outcomes.

目的 通过收集基层卫生机构就诊数据，构建空军部队官兵疾病谱，为针对性开展卫勤保障工作提供依据。方法 收集4家基层卫生机构2020年12月1日—2021年11月30日就诊信息数据，建立抽样数据库，应用柏拉图对疾病谱数据进行分析。结果 共纳入14 735条就诊数据，就诊官兵中位年龄为25（22，31）岁，男性占比96.71%，女性占比3.29%；按季节划分，春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的占比分别为29.66%、29.19%、24.87%和16.27%；疾病谱中各系统疾病占比前3名为呼吸系统疾病（38.93%）、皮肤疾病（11.39%）和消化系统疾病（10.60%）；疾病谱单一病种病例数占比前3名的疾病分别是上呼吸道感染（27.98%）、闭合性损伤（5.73%）和关节肌肉痛（3.85%）；柏拉图统计分析结果显示，主要疾病类型为呼吸系统疾病、皮肤疾病、消化系统疾病、口腔疾病和各类创伤（77.69%），次要疾病类型为运动系统疾病（85.54%）。结论 在基层卫勤保障能力建设过程中应针对部队青壮年官兵群体疾病谱特点，将人力、物力优先配置在主要方向，不断提升基层官兵常见疾病诊治水平，使基层卫生机构卫勤保障功能更好地为战斗力服务。

目的 本研究旨在探讨肺癌专病库和信息-动机-行为（information-motivation-behavioral，IMB）技能模型介导下对预防老年新辅助治疗肺癌患者静脉血栓栓塞（venous thromboembolism，VTE）的影响。方法 采用便利抽样法筛选2020年11月—2023年12月在空军军医大学第二附属医院住院治疗且符合纳排标准的527例受试者。对照组（267例）接受常规健康教育，干预组（260例）接受基于IMB技能模型的健康教育，为期3个月。比较干预前后2组静脉血栓形成知识、参与血栓预防意愿和行为问卷、欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织制定的国际病人满意度调查问卷（32项）的评分和VTE发生率。结果 干预组静脉血栓预防知识得分、意愿得分、行为得分和总分均高于对照组（Z=－3.161、－5.820、－5.813、－5.227，P=0.002、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001）。2组医师专业技能、医师信息提供、医师可及性、护士专业技能、护士人文关怀、护士信息提供、其他人员服务、医院便利性和总体满意度等方面的评分差异均有统计学意义（Z=－2.447~－2.001，P=0.003~0.045）。干预组VTE发生率为5.0%（13/260），对照组为13.1%（35/267），差异有统计学意义（P=0.040）。结论 基于肺癌专病和IMB模型的健康教育可以提高患者自我预防能力，提高医院满意度，降低患者VTE的发生率。

目的 了解社区老年高血压人群跌倒发生情况及居家环境危险因素，为开展针对性宣教和干预提供依据。方法 采取便利抽样方法，于2022年12月—2023年3月选取112例北京市某社区老年高血压患者为研究对象进行面对面访谈记录。分析一般人口学特征、跌倒风险评估和居家危险因素评估，评估室内照明、厨房、卫生间、客厅、卧室、地板、台阶、衣物鞋袜和家居外围环境9类53项风险因素对老年高血压人群跌倒发生情况的影响。结果 112例社区老年高血压人群中有跌倒风险的老人占78.57%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，卧室有夜间照明相对于无夜间照明跌倒风险减小（OR=0.239，95%CI=0.059~0.972），液态物品溢出及时清理相较于未及时清理跌倒风险减小（OR=0.058，95%CI=0.011~0.312）与老年人跌倒存在统计关联（P均<0.05）。结论 环境因素是老年高血压患者发生跌倒的重要风险因素，卧室无夜间照明、厨房地面液态物品溢出未及时清理。因此，居家环境致跌危险因素的评估和适老化改善，是防止老年人跌倒的一种行之有效的干预手段。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and evolution of the disease spectrum of urology among hospitalized flight crews at the Air Force Medical Center between January of 2002 and December of 2021 in order to provide data for aviation health protection. Methods The clinical data of flight crew members admitted to the Department of Urology between 2002 and 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 273 aircrews with genitourinary system diseases, all of whom were males. The diseases with high incidence rates were renal calculi, ureteral calculi, renal cell carcinoma, prostatitis, renal cyst and varicocele. The proportions of renal calculi and adrenal adenoma in 2012－2021 were higher than in 2002－2011, and the difference was of statistical significance（χ²=10.030, 4.888, P=0.002, 0.027）. The proportions of renal cell carcinoma, prostatitis and idiopathic hematuria in 2002－2011 were higher than in 2012－2021, with statistical significance（χ²=4.253, 12.586, 10.786, P=0.039, <0.001, =0.001）. The difference in composition ratios of genitourinary diseases between kidney stones, ureteral stones, renal cell carcinoma and renal cyst was statistically significant across age groups（χ²=15.488, 6.978, 15.893, 13.627, P<0.001, =0.031, 0.039, 0.001）. Conclusion Urolithiasis, renal cell carcinoma and prostatitis are common genitourinary diseases that affect the health and safety of aircrews, which deserves more attention.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of microvascular flow（MV-Flow）imaging in evaluating low-grade inflammation of facet joints. Methods A total of 28 patients with joint pain underwent ultrasound examination, during which the blood flow in the thickened synovia was assessed using both MV-Flow imaging technology and color Doppler flow imaging（CDFI）technology. Semi-quantitative scoring was performed for blood flow signals. Differences between MV-Flow and CDFI in displaying blood flow and in vascular grading were studied. Results In a cohort of 28 patients, a total of 79 joints met the established criteria for inclusion. The detection rates for blood flow signals using MV-Flow and CDFI were determined to be 88.6% and 53.2%, respectively. MV-Flow imaging exhibited superiority in detecting synovial blood flow within the joints over CDFI, with statistically significant difference（χ²=31.030，P<0.001）. Furthermore, there was no consistency in grading outcomes of synovial blood flow between MV-Flow and CDFI（Kappa=0.052, P>0.05）. Conclusion The MV-Flow imaging technique can more sensitively reflect the microvascular distribution and blood flow grading of facet joints, so it can become an effective means for evaluating small joint arthritis.

弹射救生模拟训练目前已成为飞行员航空生理训练的重要组成部分，对此，我军建立了规范的训练流程。弹射救生模拟训练对飞行员熟练掌握弹射动作、体验冲击过载、把握弹射时机和增强自信心等方面有重要作用，有助于提高飞行员身心健康水平和军事作业能力。随着弹射救生装备的发展和训练需求的不断增加，训练应与实际任务相结合，探索差异化训练模式，完善训练保障体系，为飞行安全提供有效保障。

目的 探讨积极心理学干预联合芳香疗法对住院空勤人员心理弹性和睡眠质量的影响。方法 选取2018年1月—2023年1月在空军第九八六医院住院的200例空勤人员，按照住院ID单双号分为对照组与观察组，各100例，对照组实施常规心理干预，观察组实施积极心理学干预联合芳香疗法，对比2组干预前后心理弹性评分情况、睡眠质量评分情况、心理健康情况、主观幸福感和职业认同感评分情况。结果 与干预前比较，干预后2组心理弹性评分均升高（t_对照组=5.100、8.529、17.707，t_观察组=12.600、19.090、34.506，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，干预后观察组评分高于对照组（t=7.410、11.073、16.969，P均<0.001）；与干预前比较，干预后2组睡眠质量评分均下降（t_对照组=11.500~37.385，t_观察组=20.224~52.571，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，可知干预后观察组评分低于对照组（t=10.435~26.212，P均<0.001）；与干预前比较，干预后2组心理健康状况评分中负性情绪下降，正性情绪可见提升（t_对照组=7.641、4.571，t_观察组=19.314、12.786，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，干预后观察组负性情绪评分低于对照组，正性情绪评分高于对照组（t=12.960、7.569，P均<0.001）；与干预前比较，干预后2组主观幸福感及职业认同感评分均可见提升（t_对照组=3.801、10.613，t_观察组=10.809、22.320，P均<0.001），组间对比结果显示，干预后观察组评分高于对照组（t=6.561、10.613，P均<0.001）。结论 对住院空勤人员开展积极心理学干预联合芳香疗法不仅有助于提高其心理弹性，改善其心理健康状况和睡眠质量，还可提升其主观幸福感和职业认同感。

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with hot compress patches and Feng's spinal manipulation treatment against lumbar disc protrusion. Methods A total of 120 patients with lower back pain admitted between May 2024 and July 2024 were selected as subjects, who were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method. Both groups（120 cases）received Feng's spinal manipulation treatment, but the control group（60 cases）was additionally given conventional hot compress treatment with the Hantongle paste patch while the treatment group（60 cases）was treated with Shujin Zhitong gel patches combined with graphene hot compress patches. One course of treatment lasted 10 days, and the therapeutic effect was assessed after treatment. A handheld infrared thermometer was used to observe temperature changes before and after treatment. The Visual Analog Scale（VAS）was employed to assess pain changes before and after treatment while the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire（ODI）was used to evaluate changes of lumbar function. Results After treatment, the temperature difference in infrared thermography decreased in both groups（t=6.616, 7.227, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（F_group=4.159, P_group=0.044）. Additionally, VAS scores decreased in both groups（t=8.182, 10.056, both P<0.001）, particularly in the treatment group（F_group=11.430, P_group<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group（χ²=4.357, P=0.037）. Furthermore, ODI scores decreased in both groups after treatment（t=7.317, 9.368, both P<0.001）, especially in the treatment group（F_group=12.152, P_group<0.001）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group（χ²=12.570, P<0.001）. Conclusion For patients with lower back pain, the combined use of Shujin Zhitong gel patches with graphene hot compress patches can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function, demonstrating good clinical efficacy.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of ultrasound-guided hypertonic glucose injection against chronic anterior talofibular ligament injury so as to provide tips for clinical conservative treatment. Methods Sixty patients with chronic pain caused by unilateral ankle sprain were randomly divided into group A and group B. Patients in group A were treated with hypertonic glucose injection while patients in group B underwent ultrashort wave combined with kinesio taping. The ultrasound manifestations of the anterior talofibular ligament and visual analogue scale（VAS）scores were evaluated before treatment and 1 month, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results VAS scores and AOFAS scores showed that there were statistically significant differences in time effect, inter-group effect and interactions （F_group=34.276, 97.236, F_time=369.061, 322.951, F_interaction=23.759, 11.175, all P<0.001）. The VAS scores of group A at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment were all improved, and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.001）, The AOFAS scores of group A at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment were all improved, and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.001）, The case was the same with VAS scores（all P<0.001）and AOFAS scores（all P<0.001）of group B. At 1,3 and 6 months after treatment, the VAS scores of group A were lower than those of group B, and the difference was statistically significant（P=0.010, <0.001, <0.001）, while the AOFAS scores of group A were higher, and the difference was statistically significant（all P<0.001）. Conclusion For patients with chronic anterior talofibular ligament injury, ultrasound-guided hypertonic glucose injection is safe and effective, which should be made more accessible.